ワトソンとクリックがDNA構造を発表した論文| OKWAVE

生物論文の訳

下記の英文を訳してください 1)The previously published X-gen data on deoxyribose nucleic acid are insufflcient for a rigorous test of our structure.So far as we can tell,it is roughly compatible with the experimental data,but it must be regarded as unproved until it has been checked against more exact results.Some of these are given in the following communications.We were not aware of the details of the results presented there when we devised our structure,which rests mainly though not entirely on published experimental data and stereo-chemical arguments.

生物論文の訳

下記の英文を訳してください 2)It has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have posulated immediatbly suggests a possible copying mechanism for the genetio material.Full details of the structure,including the conditions assumed in building it,together with a set of co-ordinates for the atoms,will be published elsewhere.

和訳してください!!(後半)

The structure is an open one, and its water content is rather high. At lower water contents we would expect the bases to tilt so that the structure could become more compact. The novel feature of the structure is the manner in which the two chains are held together by the purine and pyrimidine bases. The planes of the bases are perpendicular to the fibre axis. They are joined together in pairs, a single base from one chain being hydrogen-bonded to a single base from the other chain, so that the two lie side by side with identical z-co-ordinates. One of the pair must be a purine and the other a pyrimidine for bonding to occur. The hydrogen bonds are made as follows: purine position 1 to pyrimidine position 1; purine position 6 to pyrimidine position 6. If it is assumed that the bases only occur in the structure in the most plausible tautomeric forms (that is, with the keto rather than the enol configurations) it is found that only specific pairs of bases can bond together. These pairs are: adenine (purine) with thymine (pyrimidine), and guanine (purine) with cytosine (pyrimidine). In other words, if an adenine forms one member of a pair, on either chain, then on these assumptions the other member must be thymine; similarly for guanine and cytosine. The sequence of bases on a single chain does not appear to be restricted in any way. However, if only specific pairs of bases can be formed, it follows that if the sequence of bases on one chain is given, then the sequence on the other chain is automatically determined. It has been found experimentally (3, 4) that the ratio of the amounts of adenine to thymine, and the ratio of guanine to cytosine, are always very close to unity for deoxyribose nucleic acid. It is probably impossible to build this structure with a ribose sugar in place of the deoxyribose, as the extra oxygen atom would make too close a van der Waals contact. The previously published X-ray data (5, 6) on deoxyribose nucleic acid are insufficient for a rigorous test of our structure. So far as we can tell, it is roughly compatible with the experimental data, but it must be regarded as unproved until it has been checked against more exact results. Some of these are given in the following communications. We were not aware of the details of the results presented there when we devised our structure, which rests mainly though not entirely on published experimental data and stereochemical arguments. It has not escaped our notice that the specific pairing we have postulated immediately suggests a possible copying mechanism for the genetic material. Full details of the structure, including the conditions assumed in building it, together with a set of co-ordinates for the atoms, will be published elsewhere. We are much indebted to Dr. Jerry Donohue for constant advice and criticism, especially on interatomic distances. We have also been stimulated by a knowledge of the general nature of the unpublished experimental results and ideas of Dr. M.H.F. Wilkins, Dr. R.E. Franklin and their co-workers at King"s College, London. One of us (J.D.W.) has been aided by a fellowship from the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis.

構造科学の論文

構造科学の論文を読んでいるのですが、英語も構造科学も苦手なので、論文の意味が分かりません。一部を載せられても訳すことはできないかもしれませんが、下記の文を和訳していただけませんでしょうか？よろしくお願いします。 We attempted to crystallize both forms, but only the trimeric NP formed crystals. The crystals showed heavy twining with a twin fraction of ,0.43 and the reflection intensity statistic ｜E2-1｜ 0.681/0.681. Initial phases were obtained in a space group of P321 using the multiple wavelength anomalous diffraction (MAD) with Samarium derivative. The true space group was P3 with three subunits in an asymmetric unit. The structure was refined to a resolution of 1.80A˚ with de-twining. The crystal structures do not contain RNA, indicating that only RNA-free NP was able to form crystals.

ある英文に関して質問です

It is no surprise, then, that we have changed the way in which we think about the eukaryotic nucleus: not long ago we could only study its structure at a rather gross level, but it is now more of an experimental laboratory. (1)最初not ～but の構文かと思ったのですが、どうも違うようです。このnotはどういう働きなのでしょうか？訳からすると not long ago が一つだと思うのですが、働きがどうもわかりません。 (2)moreのところがわかりません。moreの後にlevelが省略だと思うのですが、なぜ訳が「むしろ」となっているのでしょか？以上２点よろしくお願いします。訳「～少し前までは、やや大まかな段階でしかその構造について研究することができなかったが、それは現在ではむしろ実験室の段階にある。

この英文について教えてください

We call a noisy signal -data that includes a lot of irregularities,often for varied and not entirely understood reasons- とあったんですがfor varied and not entirely understood reasonsの部分で分からない所があります和訳には（完全に理解できるわけではないさまざまな理由）とあったんですがなぜこのように訳せるのでしょうか？ not entirely understood がreasonsを修飾してるとはとても思えないのですがどうしてでしょうか？詳しくお願いします

生物英語論文の訳

下記の英文を訳してください 1)We wish to suggest a structure for the salt of deoxyribose nucleic acid has already been proposed by Pauling and Copey.They kindly made their manuscript available to us in advance of publication.Their model consists of three inter-twind chains,with the phosphates near the fibreaxis,and the bases on the outside.In our opinion,this structure is unsatisfactory for two reasons:(1)We believe that the material which gives the X-ray diagrans is the salt,not the free acid.Without the acidic hydrogen atoms it is not clear what forces would hold the structure toegher,especially as the negatively charged phophates near the axis will repel each other.(2)Some of the van der Waals distances appear to be too small. 3)Another three-chain structure has also been suggested by Fraser(in the press).In his model the phophates are on the outside and the bases on the inside,linked together by hydrogen bonds.This atructure as described is rather ill-defined,and for this reason we shall not comment on it.

生物英語論文の訳

下記の英文を訳してください。 1)We wish to suggest a structure for the salt of deoxyribose nucleic acid has already been proposed by Pauling and Copey.They kindly made their manuscript available to us in advance of publication.Their model consists of three inter-twind chains,with the phosphates near the fibreaxis,and the bases on the outside.In our opinion,this structure is unsatisfactory for two reasons:(1)We believe that the material which gives the X-ray diagrans is the salt,not the free acid.Without the acidic hydrogen atoms it is not clear what forces would hold the structure toegher,especially as the negatively charged phophates near the axis will repel each other.(2)Some of the van der Waals distances appear to be too small. 2)Another three-chain structure has also been suggested by Fraser(in the press).In his model the phophates are on the outside and the bases on the inside,linked together by hydrogen bonds.This atructure as described is rather ill-defined,and for this reason we shall not comment on it.

英語の文法的な構造が分かりません。

内容は理解できるのですが、文法的な構造が分かりません。最初のThe categories and typesを受ける動詞がどれなのか教えていただけると助かります。 The categories and types that we isolate from the world of phenomena we do not find there because they stare every observer in the face; on the contrary, the world is presented in a kaleidoscopic flux of impressions which has to be organized by our mindsーand this means largely by the linguistic systems in our minds.

生物論文の和訳

下記の論文を訳してください。 1)We wish to put forward a radically different structure for the salt of deoxyribose nucleic acid.This structure has two helical chains cach colied round the same axis(see diagram).We have made the usual chemical assumptions,namely,that each chain consists of phophates di-ester groups joining B-D-deoxy-ribofuranose residues with 3',5' linkages.The two chains (but not their bases) are related by a dyad perpendicular to the fibreaxis.Both chains follow right-handed helices,but owing to the dyad the sequences of the atoms in the two chains run in opposite directions.Each chains loosely resembles Fur-berg's model No.1 ; that is,the bases are on the inside of the helix and the phophates on the outside.The configuration of the sugar and the atoms near it is close to Furberg's 'standard configuration',the sugar being roughly perpendicular to the attached base.

和訳お願い致します。

こんにちは。和訳をしていたのですが、どう訳せば自然な日本語になるのか分からず、止まってしまっています。和訳宜しくお願い致します。本文：As a designer of clothing and what we call fashion, we must readapt our approach entirely to a world spiraling into chaos by a system of human civilization and philosophies that is not working--and whether humanity likes it or not--will change rapidly. 宜しくお願い致します。

下記の英文を訳してくださる方はいませんか？

Although this is common knowledge, it is not entirely correct. For example, an old person can recall a series of numbers as well as a younger person-provided the series is not too long, provided enough time is allowed for study, and provided no interfering material is presented between the study time and the test time. In short, if you do not hurry them or interfere with them, old people can remember a telephone number as well as anybody. They are less successful, even when allowed time to study, at other kinds of tasks used to study memory in the experimental laboratory, including paired-associate learning and serial and free recall of word lists. お願いします。

下記英文の構造と解釈について質問があります。

質問があります。 The sample materials that were yielded from the audiocassettes seemed to open the door to both: we found lots and lots of self-help and self-hypnosis, meditation and yoga recordings that we could bend and edit into the extended narratives we were looking for and we ended up with quite a collection of 1970's fast musical riffs and synth-samples that we otherwise would have been reluctant to use were it not for their large number and the vast choices they presented. この場合、Sは The Sample materialsでthatは関係代名詞。で、seemed を助動詞的というか副詞的にseeminglyとして捉え、 The sample materials seemingly opened the door to both. これが基本的な構造ですよね。サンプル素材が両方のドアを開いたように思えたんだ。両方のドアとはコロン以下で補足説明されていますね。相当長いですが。 we found lots and lots of self-help and self-hypnosis, meditation and yoga recordings that以下は関係代名詞で、先行詞はたくさんみつけたサンプル素材を指している。 we were looking forも関係代名詞で先行詞はnarrativesですね。 we ended up with quite a collection of 1970's fast musical riffs 私たちは結局1970年のアップテンポなミュージカルのリフのコレクションもかなりある状態だった。 synth-samples that we otherwise would have been reluctant to use were it not for their large number and the vast choices they presented. that以降が関係代名詞でto useまでですね。つまりSVOで考えると synth-samples were it not for their large number and the vast choices they pesented. 構造的にはこう解釈しているのですが、どうも訳がうまくはまらないです……。 The sample materials that were yielded from the audiocassettes seemed to open the door to both: we found lots and lots of self-help and self-hypnosis, meditation and yoga recordings that we could bend and edit into the extended narratives we were looking for and we ended up with quite a collection of 1970's fast musical riffs and synth-samples that we otherwise would have been reluctant to use were it not for their large number and the vast choices they presented. 無理矢理日本語にしてみると、そのカセットテープにあった叫び声のサンプル素材が両方の扉を開いた。そう思えたんだよね。自己啓発、自己催眠、瞑想、そしてヨガ、そういった録音されたサウンドをたくさん見つけたんだ。私たちが探していた長い物語にbendしたり編集したりして入れるためのサウンドをね。ここまででも若干あやふやですが、ここから先は正直お手上げです。訳を教えて下さい。 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 「The Way Out」の為に、私はサンプルライブラリーをさらに増やしてね。最終的には約35000種類のサンプルが出来上がった。another activity that took up a lot of the 'interbellum' between 'Lost and Safe' and 'The Way Out'. サンプルライブラリーを構築し始めた初期の頃って、主にLPから選んでたんだけど、最近はカセットテープにかなり入れ込んでる。which give an interesting reflection of the history of fringe recording over roughly the period of 1970-1995,その後はCDやデジタル音源に完全に追いやられてしまったけど。今回のアルバムを作り始めたとき、今までよりも長い物語風の語りを入れたり、俗に言う“アップテンポ”な曲を作ったりしたいって思ったよ。カセットテープに収録されていた叫んでいるサンプルが扉を開けたって感じに思えた。英文の部分がどうも訳がわからない部分です。教えて下さい。 took up a lot of the "interbellum"がわからないです。ちなみにinterbellumをWikipediaで調べると、第一次世界大戦と第二次世界大戦の間の状態と出ます……。次の英文もどうもfringe recording over roughlyがピンときません・・・。以上になります。よろしくお願いいたします。

ワトソンとクリックの論文(核酸の分子構造、１９５３年）

2ページほどの有名な論文ですが、誤りがあるそうです。どこが間違っているのか、どなたか教えて下さい。

和訳をお願いします。

The same procedure is repeated until the division of b_i becomes as fine as the limit of an accuracy of the computer (about 10^-12) and a number of fine spikes are found. After all, we cannot succeed in the decomposition of the discontinuities completely and, hence, we cannot answer whether or not there exists an infinite hierarchy in the fine structure of b_f.

ワトソンとクリックはなぜ有名なのでしょうか

DNAの構造を確定してノーベル賞を授賞した、ジェームズ・ワトソンとフランシス・クリックは、なぜ他の普通のノーベル賞受賞者よりも有名なのでしょうか。普通のノーベル賞受賞者よりも有名になった経緯を教えていただけないでしょうか。

ワトソンとクリック

ワトソンとクリックのことを習いました。ある先生はワトソンが殆ど研究して、クリックはただの計算屋だと言っていて、その証拠にワトソンのほうがアルファベット順でも後だし、年齢も若いのに、クリックとワトソンになっていないのもそのためだ。と言ってました。もう一人の先生は、クリックが天才だと言っていました。どっちが本当なのでしょうか・・・。少し気になったので教えてください。

（3）長文読解

（2）の続きです。 Savages, we are told, do not even believe in the manifest generalisation of death: they regard each new death as an entirely surprising event, due not to natural, but to accidental causes. Similarly, the fashionable woman regards the body each Spring as an entirely new body, subject to none of the generalisations which seemed appropriate to the body of even a year before. This is the grand proof she offers us of her superiority to the animals. they regard each new death as an entirely surprising event, due not to natural, but to accidental causes. 彼らはおのおのの新しい死を一つの全く驚くべきイベントとして、自然によらない、偶然が引き起こしたものとして見なします。（？）この英文の内容がよくわかりません。どういうことでしょうか？自然によらない、偶然が引き起こすとは？ subject to none of the generalisations which seemed appropriate to the body of even a year before. ここが読めません。（1）～（3）まで通して読まないと意味がとれないと思いますが、長文になってしまい、大変申し訳ないです。よろしくお願い致します。 ----Spring Fashions：Robert Lynd

和訳してください!!(前半)

Molecular Structure Of Nucleic Acids A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid We wish to suggest a structure for the salt of deoxyribose nucleic acid (D.N.A.). This structure has novel features which are of considerable biological interest. A structure for nucleic acid has already been proposed by Pauling and Corey (1). They kindly made their manuscript available to us in advance of publication. Their model consists of three intertwined chains, with the phosphates near the fibre axis, and the bases on the outside. In our opinion, this structure is unsatisfactory for two reasons: 1) We believe that the material which gives the X-ray diagrams is the salt, not the free acid. Without the acidic hydrogen atoms it is not clear what forces would hold the structure together, especially as the negatively charged phosphates near the axis will repel each other. 2) Some of the van der Waals distances appear to be too small. Another three-chain structure has also been suggested by Fraser (in the press). In his model the phosphates are on the outside and the bases on the inside, linked together by hydrogen bonds. This structure as described is rather ill-defined, and for this reason we shall not comment on it. We wish to put forward a radically different structure for the salt of deoxyribose nucleic acid. This structure has two helical chains each coiled round the same axis (see diagram). We have made the usual chemical assumptions, namely, that each chain consists of phosphate diester groups joining ß-D-deoxyribofuranose residues with 3',5' linkages. The two chains (but not their bases) are related by a dyad perpendicular to the fibre axis. Both chains follow right-handed helices, but owing to the dyad the sequences of the atoms in the two chains run in opposite directions. Each chain loosely resembles Furberg’s (2) model No. 1; that is, the bases are on the inside of the helix and the phosphates on the outside. The configuration of the sugar and the atoms near it is close to Furberg’s ‘standard configuration’, the sugar being roughly perpendicular to the attached base. There is a residue on each chain every 3.4 A. in the z-direction. We have assumed an angle of 36° between adjacent residues in the same chain, so that the structure repeats after 10 residues on each chain, that is, after 34 A. The distance of a phosphorus atom from the fibre axis is 10 A. As the phosphates are on the outside, cations have easy access to them. This figure is purely diagrammatic. The two ribbons symbolize the two phosphate-sugar chains, and the horizontal rods the pairs of bases holding the chains together. The vertical line marks the fibre axis.

訳・文法が分かりません

It follows that it is not entirely, nor even mainly, an affair of book learning, for that is only the education of one part of our nature ― that part of the mind which deals with concepts and abstractions. In the child, who is not yet mature enough to think by these short-cut methods, it should be largely an education of the senses ― the senses of sight, touch and hearing: in one word, the education of the sensibility. まず、補足ですが、follows that itのitはeducationを指しています。文法的な質問が２つあります。・for that is…のthatはbook learningで間違いないのか？・whichの先行詞は何なのか？少し長いですが、宜しくお願いします。

ワトソンとクリックがDNA構造を発表した論文

質問者が選んだベストアンサー

お礼 2018/04/23 15:46

関連するQ&A

生物論文の訳

生物論文の訳

和訳してください!!(後半)

構造科学の論文

ある英文に関して質問です

この英文について教えてください

生物英語論文の訳

生物英語論文の訳

英語の文法的な構造が分かりません。

生物論文の和訳

和訳お願い致します。

下記の英文を訳してくださる方はいませんか？

下記英文の構造と解釈について質問があります。

ワトソンとクリックの論文(核酸の分子構造、１９５３年）

和訳をお願いします。

ワトソンとクリックはなぜ有名なのでしょうか

ワトソンとクリック

（3）長文読解

和訳してください!!(前半)

訳・文法が分かりません

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