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質問

As the German offensive ended on the Marne in early July, more fighting took place around Villers-Bretonneux, as part of diversionary moves by the Australians in support of the Battle of Hamel. Corporal Walter Brown, of the 20th Australian Battalion, received the Victoria Cross for his actions. Later in the month, the 25th Battalion and 26th Battalion of the 7th Australian Brigade attacked around Monument Wood; for his actions during the assault and German counter-attack, Lieutenant Albert Borella of the 26th Battalion received the Victoria Cross. After the Anzac Day counter-attack, British and French commanders lavished praise upon the Australians. Brigadier-General George Grogan, a witness, later wrote that it was "perhaps the greatest individual feat of the war" for troops to attack at night, across unfamiliar ground, at short notice and with no artillery preparation.
These factors had proved essential to the Australian success. Foch spoke of their "astonishing valiance [sic]..." and General Sir Henry Rawlinson attributed the safety of Amiens to the "...determination, tenacity and valour of the Australian Corps". After the battle, the worst examples of looting by AIF soldiers of the war occurred. In 2011, King wrote that one culprit was Barney Hines, the "Souvenir King" of the AIF, who was something of a celebrity. According to King, Hines raided a number of houses, looting alcohol and expensive clothes, with which he threw a party for his friends that ended abruptly when the Germans shelled the house, wounding Hines and several others. King wrote that the Australians shared rations with French civilians in the town. Due to the coincidence of the day in which the counter-attack occurred, the battle holds a significant place in Australian military history, nevertheless it was a combined Allied effort. The fighting around Villers-Bretonneux in April resulted in the following Allied casualties: the Australian brigades had taken 2,473 casualties, British casualties were 9,529 and French losses were c. 3,500. German losses were 8,000–10,400 men.

In the 1930s an impressively towering memorial was established at the top of the Villers-Bretonneux Military Cemetery to honour the Australian soldiers who fell in France in the Great War. The cemetery is located between Villers-Bretonneux and Fouilloy on the hill (belonging to the latter but overlooking the former) from which the famous night attack was launched.

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞As the German offensive ended on the Marne in early July, more fighting took place around Villers-Bretonneux, as part of diversionary moves by the Australians in support of the Battle of Hamel. Corporal Walter Brown, of the 20th Australian Battalion, received the Victoria Cross for his actions. Later in the month, the 25th Battalion and 26th Battalion of the 7th Australian Brigade attacked around Monument Wood; for his actions during the assault and German counter-attack, Lieutenant Albert Borella of the 26th Battalion received the Victoria Cross. After the Anzac Day counter-attack, British and French commanders lavished praise upon the Australians. Brigadier-General George Grogan, a witness, later wrote that it was "perhaps the greatest individual feat of the war" for troops to attack at night, across unfamiliar ground, at short notice and with no artillery preparation.
⇒ドイツ軍のマーンでの攻撃が7月初めに終わったため、「ハーメルの戦い」を支援するオーストラリア軍による陽動作戦の一環として、ヴィレ＝ブルトヌー周辺でより多くの戦闘が行われた。オーストラリア軍第20大隊のウォルター・ブラウン伍長は、その戦闘活動によってビクトリア十字章を受賞した。その月の後半には、オーストラリア軍第7旅団の第25、第26大隊がモニュメント・ウッドを攻撃した。第26大隊のアルバート・ボレラ中尉は、襲撃中とドイツ軍の反撃に対する戦闘活動により、ビクトリア十字章を受賞した。「アンザック・デー（記念日）」の反撃の後、英国軍とフランス軍の指揮官がオーストラリア人を称賛した。その証人ジョージ・グローガン旅団長将軍は後にこう書いた。すなわち、夜間、不慣れな地面、短期間の観察情報、砲撃準備なしという条件下で攻撃した軍隊として、「それはおそらく、この戦争の最大の個人的功績」である、と。

＞These factors had proved essential to the Australian success. Foch spoke of their "astonishing valiance [sic]..." and General Sir Henry Rawlinson attributed the safety of Amiens to the "...determination, tenacity and valour of the Australian Corps". After the battle, the worst examples of looting by AIF soldiers of the war occurred. In 2011, King wrote that one culprit was Barney Hines, the "Souvenir King" of the AIF, who was something of a celebrity. According to King, Hines raided a number of houses, looting alcohol and expensive clothes, with which he threw a party for his friends that ended abruptly when the Germans shelled the house, wounding Hines and several others.
⇒これらの要因は、オーストラリア軍の成功の本質部分であることが判明した。フォッシュは、彼らの「驚くべき勇猛〔原文のまま〕…」と語り、ヘンリー・ローリンソン卿将軍は、アミアンの安全性は「…オーストラリア軍団の決意、執念、それと勇気」に起因しているとした。戦闘の後、参戦のAIF*兵士による略奪という最悪の例が発生した。2011年、キングは、何やら大物有名人であったAIFの「スーベニール・キング（土産王）」、バーニー・ハインズが一人の被疑者であると書いた。キングによると、ハインズは数軒の家を襲撃し、アルコールや高価な衣服を略奪し、友人らとパーティー騒ぎを行ったが、ドイツ軍がその家を砲撃したときハインズらが負傷し、慌てて騒ぎを終了した、という。
＊AIF：「大英帝国オーストラリア軍」(Australian Imperial Force)。

＞King wrote that the Australians shared rations with French civilians in the town.Due to the coincidence of the day in which the counter-attack occurred, the battle holds a significant place in Australian military history, nevertheless it was a combined Allied effort. The fighting around Villers-Bretonneux in April resulted in the following Allied casualties: the Australian brigades had taken 2,473 casualties, British casualties were 9,529 and French losses were c. 3,500. German losses were 8,000–10,400 men.
⇒オーストラリア軍は、町にいるフランスの一般市民と給付される割り当て食を共有した、とキングは書いている。反撃が起きた当日という偶然によって、この戦闘はオーストラリアの軍事史上重要な位置を占めるにもかかわらず、それは連合国軍の戦闘に組み込まれた。4月のヴィレ＝ブルトヌー周辺の戦闘は、以下の連合国軍の死傷者をもたらした。オーストラリア旅団は2,473人の死傷者を被り、英国軍の死傷者は9,529人であり、フランス人の損失は約3,500人であった。他方、ドイツ軍の損失は8,000人～10,400人であった。

＞In the 1930s an impressively towering memorial was established at the top of the Villers-Bretonneux Military Cemetery to honour the Australian soldiers who fell in France in the Great War. The cemetery is located between Villers-Bretonneux and Fouilloy on the hill (belonging to the latter but overlooking the former) from which the famous night attack was launched.
⇒1930年代に、この大戦でフランスに没したオーストラリア軍の兵士を称えるために、「ヴィレ＝ブルトヌー軍事墓地」の頂上に印象的な記念碑が建てられた。この墓地は、ヴィレ＝ブルトヌーとフイロイの間にあり、有名な夜間攻撃が開始された（フイロイに属し、ヴィレ＝ブルトヌーを見下ろす）丘陵上に位置する。

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