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質問

The high point of the ridge is at Wytschaete, 7,000 yd (6,400 m) from Ypres, while at Hollebeke the ridge is 4,000 yd (3,700 m) distant and recedes to 7,000 yd (6,400 m) at Polygon Wood. Wytschaete is about 150 ft (46 m) above the plain; on the Ypres–Menin road at Hooge, the elevation is about 100 ft (30 m) and 70 ft (21 m) at Passchendaele. The rises are slight apart from the vicinity of Zonnebeke which has a 1:33 gradient. From Hooge and to the east, the slope is 1:60 and near Hollebeke, it is 1:75; the heights are subtle and resemble a saucer lip around the city. The main ridge has spurs sloping east and one is particularly noticeable at Wytschaete, which runs 2 mi (3.2 km) south-east to Messines (Mesen) with a gentle slope to the east and a 1:10 decline to the west. Further south is the muddy valley of the Douve river, Ploegsteert Wood (Plugstreet to the British) and Hill 63. West of Messines Ridge is the parallel Wulverghem (Spanbroekmolen) Spur and the Oosttaverne Spur, also parallel, lies further east. The general aspect south and east of Ypres is one of low ridges and dips, gradually flattening northwards beyond Passchendaele into a featureless plain.
Possession of the higher ground to the south and east of Ypres gives ample scope for ground observation, enfilade fire and converging artillery bombardments. An occupier also has the advantage that artillery deployments and the movement of reinforcements, supplies and stores can be screened from view. The ridge had woods from Wytschaete to Zonnebeke giving good cover, some being of notable size like Polygon Wood and those later named Battle Wood, Shrewsbury Forest and Sanctuary Wood. In 1914, the woods usually had undergrowth but by 1917, artillery bombardments had reduced the woods to tree stumps, shattered tree trunks and barbed wire tangled on the ground and shell-holes; the fields in gaps between the woods were 800–1,000 yd (730–910 m) wide and devoid of cover. Roads in this area were usually unpaved, except for the main ones from Ypres, with occasional villages and houses.

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞The high point of the ridge is at Wytschaete, 7,000 yd (6,400 m) from Ypres, while at Hollebeke the ridge is 4,000 yd (3,700 m) distant and recedes to 7,000 yd (6,400 m) at Polygon Wood. Wytschaete is about 150 ft (46 m) above the plain; on the Ypres–Menin road at Hooge, the elevation is about 100 ft (30 m) and 70 ft (21 m) at Passchendaele. The rises are slight apart from the vicinity of Zonnebeke which has a 1:33 gradient. From Hooge and to the east, the slope is 1:60 and near Hollebeke, it is 1:75; the heights are subtle and resemble a saucer lip around the city.
⇒尾根の最高地点は、イープルから7,000ヤード（6,400m）のウィッツチャエテにあり、一方ホレベケの尾根は4,000ヤード（3,700m）離れて、ポリゴン・ウッドのそれは7,000ヤード（6,400m）まで遠のく。ウィッツチャエテは、平野面よりおよそ150フィート（46m）上る。フージのイープル–メニン道では、標高は約100フィート（30m）、パッシェンダエレでは70フィート（21m）である。1:33の傾斜率があるゾンネベケの付近は別として、勾配はわずかである。フージから東方向への斜面率は1:60、ホレベケの近くでは1:75である。高所はそれと見えぬほど微妙で、都市のまわりでは受け皿の縁面に似ている。

＞The main ridge has spurs sloping east and one is particularly noticeable at Wytschaete, which runs 2 mi (3.2 km) south-east to Messines (Mesen) with a gentle slope to the east and a 1:10 decline to the west. Further south is the muddy valley of the Douve river, Ploegsteert Wood (Plugstreet to the British) and Hill 63. West of Messines Ridge is the parallel Wulverghem (Spanbroekmolen) Spur and the Oosttaverne Spur, also parallel, lies further east. The general aspect south and east of Ypres is one of low ridges and dips, gradually flattening northwards beyond Passchendaele into a featureless plain.
⇒主要な尾根には、東へ傾斜する山脚があり、特にウィッツチャエテで目立っている。それは東方向へはごくゆるやかな斜面率で、西方向へは1:10の斜面率で、南東のメッシネス（メセン）まで2マイル（3.2キロ）走っている。さらなる南には、ドゥーヴ川の泥地渓谷、プロエグステールト・ウッド（英国人にとってはプラグストリート）、および63番ヒルがある。メッシネス・リッジの西には、平行するウルヴェルゲム（スパンブロエクモレン）山脚とオースタヴェルネ山脚とがあり、この２つはさらに東の方へも平行している。イープルの南と東の一般的な様相は、低い尾根とその縁面で、北方に向って徐々に平らになりながらパッシェンダエレを越えると特色のない平野に落ちこんでいる。

＞Possession of the higher ground to the south and east of Ypres gives ample scope for ground observation, enfilade fire and converging artillery bombardments. An occupier also has the advantage that artillery deployments and the movement of reinforcements, supplies and stores can be screened from view. The ridge had woods from Wytschaete to Zonnebeke giving good cover, some being of notable size like Polygon Wood and those later named Battle Wood, Shrewsbury Forest and Sanctuary Wood.
⇒イープルの南と東でより高い地面を所有すれば、地上観察、縦射の砲火と集中する砲撃の十分な機会が与えられる。そこに占拠する者にとってはまた、大砲配備、増援隊、必需品、貯蔵品の動きなどを視界から保護できる利点がある。尾根には、良い隠れ場となるウィッツチャエテやゾンネベケの森があり、その中にはポリゴン・ウッドのような顕著な規模の森や、後にバトル・ウッド（戦闘の森）、シュローズベリー・フォレスト（州都の森）、サンクチュアリー・ウッド（聖なる森）と名づけられたものがある。

＞In 1914, the woods usually had undergrowth but by 1917, artillery bombardments had reduced the woods to tree stumps, shattered tree trunks and barbed wire tangled on the ground and shell-holes; the fields in gaps between the woods were 800–1,000 yd (730–910 m) wide and devoid of cover. Roads in this area were usually unpaved, except for the main ones from Ypres, with occasional villages and houses.
⇒1914年の森には通常下生えがあったが、砲撃によって1917年までにその森林が木の切り株、粉砕された丸太、地面と砲弾痕の上でもつれる有刺鉄線（の散乱する場）になり下がった。森林間の隙間は、800–1,000ヤード（730–910m）も広がった隠れ場のない平地になった。この地域の道は、ところどころ村と家のあるイープルからの主要路を除いて、通常舗装されていなかった。

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