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質問

After 11 May, the Tenth Army began methodical local attacks, in which tactically important ground was attacked piecemeal, until another general attack could be made on Vimy Ridge. First-class French divisions had lost many experienced soldiers, which reduced them to mediocrity; the methods of Note 5779 had not been adopted consistently and became a greater problem when replacement troops with no experience, tried to continue the offensive.
The attempt in June to capture Vimy Ridge with another set-piece attack was a costly failure, despite the intervening period of local attacks on the flanks of XXXIII Corps and the capture of the Lorette Spur. French tactics were unchanged and the constant local attacks left no time for training. Revisions to the stipulations of Note 5779 in mid-June were of minor significance and an amendment of 18 June only referred to the importance of cavalry in mobile warfare. German defensive changes were easy to implement quickly and by June had made the French methods of May obsolete. For as long as the Germans were able to retain Souchez and Neuville, French attacks between them could not capture Vimy Ridge and the defences of the villages were too formidable to be overcome quickly. The original plan for a series of attacks might have been able to remove Souchez and Neuville as obstacles but the material constraints on the French in the spring of 1915, meant that the plan devised by Foch could not be implemented.
In September Foch wrote of the speed with which the Germans had moved reinforcements into the area from 9 to 18 May, dug new defensive lines and brought more heavy artillery into action, which from 18 May maintained barrages along all of the Tenth Army front. By 20 May the French artillery was dominated by the German artillery reinforcements, which severely inhibited the consolidation of captured ground and preparations for more attacks. Despite the change from attempts at continuous battle to methodical attacks, with pauses to reorganise and consolidate, the French took less ground, fewer prisoners and suffered more casualties. Foch concluded that a breakthrough was unlikely until the German armies in France had been depleted to a far greater extent; he advocated small step-by-step attacks, using methodical and economical methods. Fayolle wrote that the advocates of continuous battle were subject to a "grand illusion" and criticised Foch and d'Urbal for making unrealistic demands. André Laffargue, an artillery officer, was prompted to write Étude sur l'attaque dans le période actuelle de la guerre, an example of the trend to artillery-based tactics and infiltration by infantry.

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞After 11 May, the Tenth Army began methodical local attacks, in which tactically important ground was attacked piecemeal, until another general attack could be made on Vimy Ridge. First-class French divisions had lost many experienced soldiers, which reduced them to mediocrity; the methods of Note 5779 had not been adopted consistently and became a greater problem when replacement troops with no experience, tried to continue the offensive.
⇒5月11日以降、第10方面軍は系統的な局地攻撃を開始し、ヴィミー・リッジに別の総攻撃ができるようになるまで戦術的に重要な土地を少しずつ攻撃した。ファーストクラスのフランス軍師団が、多くの経験豊富な兵士を失い、凡庸な師団になり下がった。「短信5779」の方法は一貫して採用されていなかったので、経験のない補充部隊が攻勢を続けようとしたとき、それがより大きな問題となった。

＞The attempt in June to capture Vimy Ridge with another set-piece attack was a costly failure, despite the intervening period of local attacks on the flanks of XXXIII Corps and the capture of the Lorette Spur. French tactics were unchanged and the constant local attacks left no time for training. Revisions to the stipulations of Note 5779 in mid-June were of minor significance and an amendment of 18 June only referred to the importance of cavalry in mobile warfare.
⇒6月に別の綿密な作戦攻撃でヴィミー・リッジを攻略する試みは、第XXXIII軍団の側面への局地攻撃の介入期間（の長さ）とロレット山脚の攻略にもかかわらず、高くついた失敗であった。フランス軍の戦術は変更されておらず、絶え間ない局地攻撃により訓練の時間はなかった。6月中旬の「短信5779」の規定の改訂はあまり重みがなく、6月18日の改正は機動戦における騎兵の重要性のみに言及していた。

＞German defensive changes were easy to implement quickly and by June had made the French methods of May obsolete. For as long as the Germans were able to retain Souchez and Neuville, French attacks between them could not capture Vimy Ridge and the defences of the villages were too formidable to be overcome quickly. The original plan for a series of attacks might have been able to remove Souchez and Neuville as obstacles but the material constraints on the French in the spring of 1915, meant that the plan devised by Foch could not be implemented.
⇒ドイツ軍の防御的変更は迅速な実施をするに易く、6月までには、フランス軍の5月での方法は時代遅れとなった。ドイツ軍がスーシェとヌヴィーユを維持することができる限り、それらの間のフランス軍の攻撃はヴィミー・リッジを攻略することができず、村の防御隊はあまりにも手ごわいため迅速に克服することはできなかった。一連の攻撃の最初の計画では、スーシェとヌヴィーユを障害として取り除くことができる可能性はあったが、1915年春はフランス軍にとって物質的な制約があったため、フォッシュによって考案された計画は実施できなかった。

＞In September Foch wrote of the speed with which the Germans had moved reinforcements into the area from 9 to 18 May, dug new defensive lines and brought more heavy artillery into action, which from 18 May maintained barrages along all of the Tenth Army front. By 20 May the French artillery was dominated by the German artillery reinforcements, which severely inhibited the consolidation of captured ground and preparations for more attacks. Despite the change from attempts at continuous battle to methodical attacks, with pauses to reorganise and consolidate, the French took less ground, fewer prisoners and suffered more casualties.
⇒5月9日から18日まで、ドイツ軍がこの地域に増援隊を移動させ、新しい防御戦線の塹壕を掘り、より重量級の大砲を戦闘に投入し、5月18日から第10方面軍の前線全体に沿って集中砲撃を続けた速度（のほど）について、フォッシュが9月になって書いた。5月20日までに、フランス軍砲兵隊はドイツ軍の砲兵隊援軍によって支配された。これは、フランス軍にとって攻略地の統合とさらなる攻撃のための準備を大幅に阻害された。フランス軍は、再編成し統合するための一時停止をもって、継続的な戦闘の試みから系統的な攻撃への変化があったにもかかわらず、地面や囚人の獲得はより少なくなる一方、より多くの犠牲者を被った。

＞Foch concluded that a breakthrough was unlikely until the German armies in France had been depleted to a far greater extent; he advocated small step-by-step attacks, using methodical and economical methods. Fayolle wrote that the advocates of continuous battle were subject to a "grand illusion" and criticised Foch and d'Urbal for making unrealistic demands. André Laffargue, an artillery officer, was prompted to write Étude sur l'attaque dans le période actuelle de la guerre, an example of the trend to artillery-based tactics and infiltration by infantry.
⇒フォッシュは、フランスにおけるドイツ軍が広大にわたって枯渇するまで、突破口が開かれる可能性は低いと結論付けた。彼は、方法論的かつ経済的な方法を使って、小さな段階的な攻撃を提唱した。ファヨルは、継続的な戦いの擁護者は「大いなる幻想」を受けやすいと書いており、非現実的な要求をしたことでフォッシュとドゥルバルを批判した。砲兵隊将校のアンドレ・ラファルグは、歩兵による砲兵ベースの戦術と潜入の成行きの一例として「本戦の実行期間内における攻撃に関する調査研究」を書くように突き動かされた。

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