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townとcityの違いとは?
日本には地方公共団体の単位に、市町村があります。そして、都道府県によっても基準が違いますが、おおむね、人口が3万人未満が「町」で、それ以上は「市」と呼ばれることが多いですよね。 それで、英語では「町」はtownと、「市」はcityと訳されますが、これはあくまで日本の「市」と「町」を便宜的に訳しわけたものですよ。そこで質問ですが、アメリカやイギリスでは townとcityは 何を基準に区別するのでしょうか?
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質問者が選んだベストアンサー
手元の辞典 (「スーパー・アンカー英和」 第2版) で city の項を見ると (1) アメリカでは州の認可を受けた通例 town より大きい町をいうが、はっきりした定義はない。 (2) イギリスでは通例 cathedral がある都市、または勅許状を持つ都市をいう。 という説明が載っていました。
その他の回答 (2)
- SPS700
- ベストアンサー率46% (15297/33016)
1。アメリカの場合 ウェブスターの town の定義は、下記のように town or city という表現が多いので、あまり違いはないようです。 http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/town city の方は important で large town だそうです。 2. イギリスの場合 ロングマンの city の定義は a large important town となっています。 http://www.ldoceonline.com/dictionary/city そこで ご質問ですが、 >>アメリカやイギリスでは townとcityは 何を基準に区別するのでしょうか? こう見るとどれだけ大切か、どれだけ大きいかということで、極めて漠然と使い分けられているようです。ついでですが、日本でいえば村長も、町長も、市長も、みんな mayor です。 したがって、村が町になる、町が市になる、という「昇格」も、平成77年には日本国中「都」になる、と言うこともないようです。
お礼
ありがとうございます。
city early 13c., in medieval usage a cathedral town, but originally "any settlement," regardless of size (distinction from town is 14c., though in English it always seems to have ranked above borough), from O.Fr. cite "town, city" (10c., Mod.Fr. cité), from earlier citet, from L. civitatem (nom. civitas) originally "citizenship, condition or rights of a citizen," later "community of citizens, state, commonwealth," from civis "townsman," from PIE root *kei- "to lie; bed, couch; homestead." The Latin word for "city" was urbs, but a resident was civis. Civitas seems to have replaced urbs as Rome (the ultimate urbs) lost its prestige. Cf. It. citta, Catalan ciutat, Sp. ciudad, Port. cidade. City hall first recorded 1670s; city slicker first recorded 1924 (see slick); both Amer.Eng. Inner city first attested 1968. City state (also city-state) is attested from 1893. town O.E. tun "enclosure, garden, field, yard; farm, manor; homestead, dwelling house, mansion;" later "group of houses, village, farm," from P.Gmc. *tunaz, *tunan (cf. O.S., O.N., O.Fris. tun "fence, hedge," M.Du. tuun "fence," Du. tuin "garden," O.H.G. zun, Ger. Zaun "fence, hedge"), an early borrowing from Celtic *dunom (cf. O.Ir. dun, Welsh din "fortress, fortified place, camp," dinas "city;" see down (n.2)). Meaning "inhabited place larger than a village" (mid-12c.) arose after the Norman conquest, to correspond to Fr. ville. The modern word is partially a generic term, applicable to cities of great size as well as places intermediate between a city and a village; such use is unusual, the only parallel is perhaps L. oppidium, which occasionally was applied to Rome or Athens (each of which was more properly an urbs). First record of town hall is from late 15c. Townie "townsman, one raised in a town" is recorded from 1827, often opposed to the university students or circus workers who were just passing through. Town ball, version of baseball, is recorded from 1852. Town car (1907) originally was a motor car with an enclosed passenger compartment and open driver's seat. On the town "living the high life" is from 1712. Go to town "do (something) energetically" is first recorded 1933. Man about town "one constantly seen at public and private functions" is attested from 1734. もっと分類はありますが。
お礼
ご苦労様でした。
お礼
ありがとうございます。