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The Siege of Toma was a bloodless action during the First World War on the island of New Pomerania (now New Britain) between 14–17 September 1914 as part of the occupation of German New Guinea by the Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force (AN&MEF). Australian forces had been dispatched to seize and destroy German wireless stations in the south-west Pacific because they were used by the German East Asian Cruiser Squadron of Vice-Admiral Maximilian von Spee which threatened merchant shipping in the region. New Zealand provided a similar force for the occupation of German Samoa. Ultimately the German colonial government was forced to surrender after being surrounded, ending the last significant resistance in the territory. The Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force (AN&MEF) reached Rabaul on 11 September, finding the port free of German forces. Small parties of naval reservists landed at Kabakaul and Herbertshöhe on Neu-Pommern, south-east of Rabaul. These parties were reinforced firstly by sailors and later by infantry and proceeded inland to capture the radio station believed to be in operation at Bita Paka, 4.3 miles (6.9 km) to the south. The Australians were resisted by a mixed force of German reservists and Melanesian native police, who forced them to fight their way to the objective. By nightfall the radio station was reached, and it was found to have been abandoned, the mast dropped but its instruments and machinery intact. During the fighting at Bita Paka seven Australians were killed and five wounded, while the defenders lost one German NCO and about 30 Melanesians killed, and one German and ten Melanesians wounded. At nightfall on 12 September, the AN&MEF infantry battalion was landed at Rabaul. The following afternoon, a ceremony was carried out to signal the British occupation of New Britain despite the fact that the German governor had not surrendered the territory. Meanwhile, after their defeat at Bita Paka on 11 September the remaining German forces retreated 19 miles (31 km) to Toma, believing they would have time to recuperate before the Australians arrived. Unknown to the Germans however, an advanced party of 200 Australians had followed them from Bita Paka and surrounded the town, proceeding to bombard it with a 12-pound field piece.The protected cruiser HMAS Encounter also arrived on the scene, and fired several shells at a ridge nearby.

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞The Siege of Toma was a bloodless action during the First World War on the island of New Pomerania (now New Britain) between 14–17 September 1914 as part of the occupation of German New Guinea by the Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force (AN&MEF). Australian forces had been dispatched to seize and destroy German wireless stations in the south-west Pacific because they were used by the German East Asian Cruiser Squadron of Vice-Admiral Maximilian von Spee which threatened merchant shipping in the region.
⇒「トーマ包囲戦」は、1914年9月１４日－17日、ニューポメラニア島（現在のニューブリテン島）に対する第一次世界大戦中のオーストラリア海軍および軍事遠征軍（AN＆MEF）による占領の一環として行われた無血の戦闘行動であった。オーストラリア軍団が南西太平洋のドイツ軍無線局を押収して破壊するために派遣されたが、それはこの地域の商船輸送を脅かしていたマクシミリアン・フォン・シュペー副提督の東アジア巡洋艦隊によってそれ（無線局）が使用されていたためであった。

＞New Zealand provided a similar force for the occupation of German Samoa. Ultimately the German colonial government was forced to surrender after being surrounded, ending the last significant resistance in the territory. The Australian Naval and Military Expeditionary Force (AN&MEF) reached Rabaul on 11 September, finding the port free of German forces. Small parties of naval reservists landed at Kabakaul and Herbertshöhe on Neu-Pommern, south-east of Rabaul.
⇒ニュージーランドは、ドイツ領サモアの占領のために同様の軍団を提供した。最終的にドイツの植民地政府は、包囲された後に降伏を余儀なくされ、この領土内での最後の大きな抵抗を終えた。9月11日にオーストラリア海軍および軍事遠征隊（AN＆MEF）がラバウルに到着してみると、ドイツ軍の入港のみ自由であることを知った。（それで）海軍予備隊の小さな分隊がラバウルの南東ネウ‐ポメルンにあるカバカウルやヘルベルトショヘに上陸した。

＞These parties were reinforced firstly by sailors and later by infantry and proceeded inland to capture the radio station believed to be in operation at Bita Paka, 4.3 miles (6.9 km) to the south. The Australians were resisted by a mixed force of German reservists and Melanesian native police, who forced them to fight their way to the objective. By nightfall the radio station was reached, and it was found to have been abandoned, the mast dropped but its instruments and machinery intact.
⇒これらの分隊は、まず水兵によって、その後歩兵によって強化され、南へ6マイル（6.9キロ）のビタ・パカで運用中と信じられたラジオ局を攻略するために内陸へと進んだ。オーストラリア軍は、ドイツ軍の予備兵とメラネシアの地元警察官の混成軍隊に抵抗され、目的に向かって進むために戦うことを強いられた。日が暮れるまでにラジオ局にたどり着いたところ、それは（すでに）放棄され、無線用鉄塔は崩落していたが、その器具や機械はそのまま残っていることが判明した。

＞During the fighting at Bita Paka seven Australians were killed and five wounded, while the defenders lost one German NCO and about 30 Melanesians killed, and one German and ten Melanesians wounded. At nightfall on 12 September, the AN&MEF infantry battalion was landed at Rabaul. The following afternoon, a ceremony was carried out to signal the British occupation of New Britain despite the fact that the German governor had not surrendered the territory.
⇒ビタ・パカでの戦闘中に、7人のオーストラリア兵が殺され、5人が負傷した一方で、守備隊は1人のドイツ軍NCO（無任所将校）を失い、約30人のメラネシア兵が死亡し、1人のドイツ兵と10人のメラネシア兵が負傷した。9月12日の日暮れに、AN＆MEF歩兵大隊がラバウルに上陸した。翌日の午後、ドイツの知事が領土を放棄したわけではないという事実にもかかわらず、英国軍がニューブリテンを占領したことを公示する儀式が行われた。

＞Meanwhile, after their defeat at Bita Paka on 11 September the remaining German forces retreated 19 miles (31 km) to Toma, believing they would have time to recuperate before the Australians arrived. Unknown to the Germans however, an advanced party of 200 Australians had followed them from Bita Paka and surrounded the town, proceeding to bombard it with a 12-pound field piece.The protected cruiser HMAS Encounter also arrived on the scene, and fired several shells at a ridge nearby.
⇒一方、ドイツ軍は9月11日にビタ・パカで敗北した後、残り兵らはオーストラリア兵が到着する前に奪回する時間があると信じて、トーマに19マイル（31キロ）後退した。しかし、ドイツ軍には知られていなかったが、200人のオーストラリア軍の先発隊がビタ・パカから彼らを追って町を囲み、12型ポンド野戦砲でそれを砲撃し始めた。HMAS（オーストラリア軍艦）の保護巡洋艦エンカウンター号も現場に到着し、近くの尾根で数発の砲弾を発射した。

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