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質問

The Kars treaty also impacted Turkish-Iranian relations. The annexation of Surmali and the Aras corridor now gave Turkey a slightly more extensive border with Iran. In the late 1920s, the Kurdish Ararat rebellion erupted in the vicinity of Mount Ararat. As Turkey attempted to quash the rebellion, the Kurdish rebels fled across the Iranian border to the eastern flank of Lesser Ararat, which they used "as a haven against the state in their uprising." In response, Turkey crossed the border with Iran and occupied the region. The Lesser Ararat area became the subject of discussion between Turkish and Iranian diplomats in border delineation talks. In Tehran in 1932, Iran agreed to cede the area to Turkey in exchange for some territories further south.
However, the agreement was delayed due to objections from some Iranian diplomats who viewed the Lesser Ararat area as strategically important and who also questioned the validity of the Treaty of Kars. These diplomats felt that Turkey did not have a legitimate claim to the territory of Surmali, which had been part of Iran before it was ceded to Imperial Russia in the Treaty of Turkmenchay. In addition, because the wording of the Turkmenchay Treaty was vague, they advocated annexing parts of the area. After a constructive meeting with Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in Ankara in 1934, Reza Shah, who initially favored annexing the Aras corridor, finally ordered his diplomats to drop any objections and accept the new border agreements. After World War II, the Soviet Union attempted to annul the Kars treaty and regain its lost territory. According to Nikita Khrushchev, deputy premier Lavrentiy Beria goaded his fellow Georgian Joseph Stalin into taking action on the issue, insisting on the return of historical Georgian territories. Stalin eventually agreed and on 7 June 1945, Soviet Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molotov informed the Turkish ambassador in Moscow that the provinces of Kars, Ardahan, and Artvin should be returned to the USSR, in the name of both the Georgian and Armenian Soviet republics. Ankara found itself in a difficult position: it wanted good relations with Moscow but at the same time refused to give up the territories. Turkey was in no condition to fight a war with the Soviet Union, which had emerged as a superpower after the Second World War. Soviet territorial claims to Turkey were supported by the Armenian Catholicos George VI and by all shades of the Armenian diaspora, including the anti-Soviet Armenian Revolutionary Federation. The Soviet government also encouraged Armenians abroad to repatriate to Soviet Armenia in support of its claims.

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞The Kars treaty also impacted Turkish-Iranian relations. The annexation of Surmali and the Aras corridor now gave Turkey a slightly more extensive border with Iran. In the late 1920s, the Kurdish Ararat rebellion erupted in the vicinity of Mount Ararat. As Turkey attempted to quash the rebellion, the Kurdish rebels fled across the Iranian border to the eastern flank of Lesser Ararat, which they used "as a haven against the state in their uprising." In response, Turkey crossed the border with Iran and occupied the region. The Lesser Ararat area became the subject of discussion between Turkish and Iranian diplomats in border delineation talks. In Tehran in 1932, Iran agreed to cede the area to Turkey in exchange for some territories further south.
⇒カルス条約は、トルコとイランの関係にも影響を与えた。スルマリとアラス回廊地帯の併合により、トルコはイランとの国境を少し広げた。1920年代後半、アララト山の周辺でクルド人の「アララト反乱」が勃発した。トルコが反乱を断ち切ろうとしたとき、クルド人の反政府勢力は、イランの国境を越えて、小アララトの東側に逃げ出したが、そこは、「蜂起の際に国家に対する隠れ場として」使用されていた。これに対応して、トルコはイランとの国境を越えてその地域を占領した。小アララト地域は、トルコとイランの外交官の間で国境画定協議の議論の対象となった。イランは、1932年にテヘランでさらに南の数か所の領土と引き換えに、その地域をトルコに譲渡することに合意した。

＞However, the agreement was delayed due to objections from some Iranian diplomats who viewed the Lesser Ararat area as strategically important and who also questioned the validity of the Treaty of Kars. These diplomats felt that Turkey did not have a legitimate claim to the territory of Surmali, which had been part of Iran before it was ceded to Imperial Russia in the Treaty of Turkmenchay. In addition, because the wording of the Turkmenchay Treaty was vague, they advocated annexing parts of the area. After a constructive meeting with Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in Ankara in 1934, Reza Shah, who initially favored annexing the Aras corridor, finally ordered his diplomats to drop any objections and accept the new border agreements.
⇒しかし、アララト地域を戦略的に重要視し、「カルス条約」の妥当性に疑問を抱いた一部のイラン外交官からの反論のために同協定（の進捗）は遅れた。これらの外交官は、「トルクメン（トルクメニスタン）条約」でロシアに譲渡される前にはイランの一部であったのだから、そのスルマリ領に対するトルコの主張は正当性がないと感じた。さらに、「トルクメン条約」の文言に明確な規定がなかったので、彼らイラン外交官はこの地域部分の併合を主張した。1934年にアンカラのムスタファ・ケマル・アタテュルクと建設的な会合を行った後、当初アラス回廊地帯の併合を支持したレザ・シャーは、最終的に外交官に異議を棄却し、新しい国境合意を受け入れるよう命じた。

＞After World War II, the Soviet Union attempted to annul the Kars treaty and regain its lost territory. According to Nikita Khrushchev, deputy premier Lavrentiy Beria goaded his fellow Georgian Joseph Stalin into taking action on the issue, insisting on the return of historical Georgian territories. Stalin eventually agreed and on 7 June 1945, Soviet Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molotov informed the Turkish ambassador in Moscow that the provinces of Kars, Ardahan, and Artvin should be returned to the USSR, in the name of both the Georgian and Armenian Soviet republics.
⇒第二次世界大戦後、ソ連はカルス条約を廃止し、失われた領土を取り戻そうとした。ニキタ・フルシチョフによると、副首相のラブレンティー・ベリアは、歴史的なグルジア領の復帰を主張して、同僚のヨーゼフ・スターリンにこの問題に取り組むようせき立てた。スターリンは最終的に合意し、1945年6月7日、ソ連外務大臣ウラチェスラフ・モロトフは、モスクワのトルコ大使に、カルス、アルダハン、アルトビン各州をグルジアとアルメニアの両方をソビエト共和国の名でソ連に返還すべきだと伝えた。

＞Ankara found itself in a difficult position: it wanted good relations with Moscow but at the same time refused to give up the territories. Turkey was in no condition to fight a war with the Soviet Union, which had emerged as a superpower after the Second World War. Soviet territorial claims to Turkey were supported by the Armenian Catholicos George VI and by all shades of the Armenian diaspora, including the anti-Soviet Armenian Revolutionary Federation. The Soviet government also encouraged Armenians abroad to repatriate to Soviet Armenia in support of its claims.
⇒アンカラは窮地に陥った。すなわち、それはモスクワとの良好な関係を望んでいたが、同時に領土をあきらめることを拒否したのである。トルコは、第二次世界大戦後に超大国として浮上したソ連と戦える状況にはなかった。トルコに対するソビエトの領土主張は、アルメニア・カトリック協会ジョージVI世と「反ソビエト・アルメニア革命連合」を含むアルメニアのディアスポラ（離散者）のあらゆる陰謀（陰の動き）によって支持された。ソビエト政府はまた、その主張を支持させるため海外のアルメニア人にソ連アルメニアに本国還りするよう奨励した。

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