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質問

Caucasus scholar Charles King referred to this part of the treaty as a "rare instance in international law in which the internal administrative structure of one country has been secured by a treaty with another." Additionally, the treaty guaranteed "free transit through the port of Batum for commodities and all materials destined for, or originating in, Turkey, without customs duties and charges, and with the right for Turkey to utilize the port of Batum without special charges." The treaty created a new boundary between Turkey and Soviet Armenia, defined by the Akhurian (Arpachay) and Aras Rivers. Turkey obtained the territory of the former Kars Oblast of the Russian Empire, including the cities of Kars, Ardahan, and Olti, Lake Childir, and the ruins of Ani. From the former Erivan Governorate, it also obtained the Surmalinsky Uyezd (Surmali), with Mount Ararat, the salt mines of Kulp (Tuzluca), and the city of Igdyr, as well as the Aras corridor, a narrow strip of land between the Aras and Lower Karasu Rivers that had been part of the Erivansky Uyezd.
According to the memoirs of Simon Vratsian, the last Prime Minister of the First Armenian Republic, the Bolsheviks attempted to renegotiate the status of Ani and Kulp and retain them as part of Soviet Armenia. Ganetsky emphasized the "great historical and scientific value" of Ani for the Armenians and declared Kulp to be an "inseparable part of Transcaucasia." However, Turkey refused to renegotiate the terms agreed upon in the Moscow treaty, much to the disappointment of the Soviet side. Most of the Armenian territories ceded to Turkey had already been under Turkish military control since the Turkish–Armenian War. The treaty required Turkish troops to withdraw from an area roughly corresponding to the western half of Armenia's present-day Shirak Province, including the city of Aleksandropol (Gyumri).
Azerbaijan and Nakhichevan
Article V of the treaty established the region of Nakhichevan as an autonomous exclave under the political jurisdiction (protectorate) of Soviet Azerbaijan. The new autonomous Nakhichevan territory comprised the former Nakhichevansky Uyezd, the Sharur part of the Sharur-Daralagezsky Uyezd, and the southernmost parts of the Erivansky Uyezd of the former Erivan Governorate. In 1924, the area was officially declared the Nakhichevan ASSR subordinate to the Azerbaijan SSR. The creation of this new autonomous republic allowed Azerbaijan to share a common 15-km boundary with the now-Turkish-controlled Aras corridor. In 1991, independent Azerbaijan declared itself the successor of the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan (1918-1920) and not of the Azerbaijan SSR (under the protectorate of which Nakhichevan was transferred by Kars treaty).

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞Caucasus scholar Charles King referred to this part of the treaty as a "rare instance in international law in which the internal administrative structure of one country has been secured by a treaty with another." Additionally, the treaty guaranteed "free transit through the port of Batum for commodities and all materials destined for, or originating in, Turkey, without customs duties and charges, and with the right for Turkey to utilize the port of Batum without special charges."
⇒コーカサス学者のチャールズ・キング氏は、「一国の内部行政構造が別の国との条約によって確保されるという点で」この条約の部分を「国際法におけるまれな例である」と述べた。加えて、条約によって、トルコに向けられた、またはトルコ発のあらゆる商品や資材について、関税・手数料なしでバトゥム港を通る自由貿易やトルコが特別料金なしでバトゥム港を利用する権利が保証された。

＞The treaty created a new boundary between Turkey and Soviet Armenia, defined by the Akhurian (Arpachay) and Aras Rivers. Turkey obtained the territory of the former Kars Oblast of the Russian Empire, including the cities of Kars, Ardahan, and Olti, Lake Childir, and the ruins of Ani. From the former Erivan Governorate, it also obtained the Surmalinsky Uyezd (Surmali), with Mount Ararat, the salt mines of Kulp (Tuzluca), and the city of Igdyr, as well as the Aras corridor, a narrow strip of land between the Aras and Lower Karasu Rivers that had been part of the Erivansky Uyezd.
⇒この条約は、トルコとソ連アルメニアとの間を、アクリア（アルパケイ）とアラス川で分ける新しい境界を作り出した。トルコは、カルス、アルダハン、オルティ、チルドリル湖、アニ遺跡などを含む旧ロシア帝国の領土を取得した。トルコはまた、旧エリバン行政区からアララト山、クルプ（ツヅルカ）塩鉱山、イグディル市、それにエリバンスキー・ウイェズドの一部であった低地カラス川帯とアラス川との間の狭い地帯であるアラス回廊（人口稠密）地帯なども取得した。

＞According to the memoirs of Simon Vratsian, the last Prime Minister of the First Armenian Republic, the Bolsheviks attempted to renegotiate the status of Ani and Kulp and retain them as part of Soviet Armenia. Ganetsky emphasized the "great historical and scientific value" of Ani for the Armenians and declared Kulp to be an "inseparable part of Transcaucasia."
⇒アルメニア共和国最後の首相であったシモン・ウラチアンの回顧録によると、ボルシェビキは、アニとクルプの地位を再交渉してそれらをソ連アルメニアの一部として保持しようとしたという。ガネツキーは、アルメニア人のためにアニの「偉大なる歴史的・科学的価値」を強調し、クルプを「トランスコーカサスの不可分な部分」であると宣言した。

＞However, Turkey refused to renegotiate the terms agreed upon in the Moscow treaty, much to the disappointment of the Soviet side. Most of the Armenian territories ceded to Turkey had already been under Turkish military control since the Turkish–Armenian War. The treaty required Turkish troops to withdraw from an area roughly corresponding to the western half of Armenia's present-day Shirak Province, including the city of Aleksandropol (Gyumri).
⇒しかしトルコは、モスクワ条約で合意した条項の再交渉を拒否して、ソビエト側を大きく失望させた。トルコに譲渡されたアルメニア領のほとんどは、「トルコ‐アルメニア戦争」以来すでにトルコ軍の統制下にあった。この条約は、トルコ軍にアレクサンドロポル（ギュムリ）を含むアルメニアの現在のシラク州西半分にほぼ相当する地域から撤退することを要求した。

＞Azerbaijan and Nakhichevan
　Article V of the treaty established the region of Nakhichevan as an autonomous exclave under the political jurisdiction (protectorate) of Soviet Azerbaijan. The new autonomous Nakhichevan territory comprised the former Nakhichevansky Uyezd, the Sharur part of the Sharur-Daralagezsky Uyezd, and the southernmost parts of the Erivansky Uyezd of the former Erivan Governorate.
⇒アゼルバイジャンとナキチェバン
　条約第5条は、ナキチェバン地域をソ連のアゼルバイジャンの政治的管轄権（保護領）のもとで、自治区として設定した。新しい自治区ナキチェンバン領土は、旧ナキチェバンスキー・ウイジド、シャルル‐ダララゲスキー・ウイジドのシャルル部分とエリバンスキー・ウイジドの最南端部分とで構成されていた。

＞In 1924, the area was officially declared the Nakhichevan ASSR subordinate to the Azerbaijan SSR. The creation of this new autonomous republic allowed Azerbaijan to share a common 15-km boundary with the now-Turkish-controlled Aras corridor. In 1991, independent Azerbaijan declared itself the successor of the Democratic Republic of Azerbaijan (1918-1920) and not of the Azerbaijan SSR (under the protectorate of which Nakhichevan was transferred by Kars treaty).
⇒1924年、この地域は正式にアゼルバイジャンSSR（ソビエト社会主義共和国）に従属するナキチェバンASSR（自治ソビエト社会主義共和国）として宣言された。この新しい自治共和国の創設により、アゼルバイジャンは現在のトルコ支配下のアラス回廊地帯と共通に15キロ境界線を共有することができた。1991年、独立したアゼルバイジャンは、「アゼルバイジャン民主共和国」（1918‐1920年）の後継者であって、（カルス条約によってナキチェバンを譲渡された保護領下にある）アゼルバイジャンSSRの後継者なのではない、と宣言した。

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