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質問

• The forêt d'Apremont (Apremont forest), the Tête à vache (Cow's head) trenches, Calonne trenches…
But despite French attacks the German forces were able to retain this strategic location until the last months of the war. General John Pershing thought that a successful Allied attack in the region of St. Mihiel, Metz, and Verdun would have a significant effect on the German army. General Pershing was also aware that the area's terrain setting first dictated that the restricted rail and road communications into Verdun (restrictions that had been imposed by the German attack during the Battle of Flirey) be cleared, and that a continuation of the attack to capture the German railroad center at Metz would be devastating to the Germans. For this, he placed his confidence in a young First Infantry Division Major, George Marshall, to move troops and supplies effectively throughout the battle. After these goals were accomplished, the Americans could launch offensives into Germany proper. The American First Army had been activated in August and taken over the sector of the Allied line. Pershing had to persuade Marshall Foch (the supreme Allied military commander) to permit an American attack on the salient.
Weather reports
The weather corps of Corps I Operation Order stated: "Visibility: Heavy driving wind and rain during parts of day and night. Roads: Very muddy." This would pose a challenge to the Americans when the order to advance was given. In some parts of the road, the men were almost knee-deep in mud and water. After five days of rain, the ground was nearly impassable to both the American tanks and infantry. Many of the tanks were wrecked with water leakage into the engine, while others would get stuck in mud flows. Some of the infantrymen developed early stages of trench foot, even before the trenches were dug.
German defensive positions

Map of the Battle
Prior to the American operation, the Germans installed many in-depth series of trenches, wire obstacles, and machine-gun nests[not in citation given] The battlefields' terrain included the nearby premises of three villages: Vigneulles, Thiaucourt, and Hannonville-sous-les-Cotes. Their capture would accelerate the envelopment of the German divisions near St. Mihiel. The American forces planned to breach the trenches and then advance along the enemy's logistical road network.
The Germans knew many details about the Allied offensive campaign coming against them. One Swiss newspaper had published the date, time, and duration of the preparatory barrage.

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞•The forêt d'Apremont (Apremont forest), the Tête à vache (Cow's head) trenches, Calonne trenches…　But despite French attacks the German forces were able to retain this strategic location until the last months of the war. General John Pershing thought that a successful Allied attack in the region of St. Mihiel, Metz, and Verdun would have a significant effect on the German army.
⇒•「アプルモン森林」、「テト・ア・バシ（牛頭）」塹壕戦線、「カロンヌ」塹壕戦線〔の戦い〕...。
　しかし、フランス軍の攻撃にもかかわらず、ドイツ軍は戦い最後の数か月までこの戦略的陣地を維持することができた。ジョン・パーシング将軍は、サン=ミエル、メッツ、ヴェルダンの地域で成功すれば、連合国軍の攻撃はドイツ軍に大きな影響を与えると考えていた。

＞General Pershing was also aware that the area's terrain setting first dictated that the restricted rail and road communications into Verdun (restrictions that had been imposed by the German attack during the Battle of Flirey) be cleared, and that a continuation of the attack to capture the German railroad center at Metz would be devastating to the Germans.
⇒パーシング将軍はまた、当初ヴェルダンに通じる鉄道と道路連絡に制限を押しつけられていたこの地域の地形設定（「フリレイの戦い」の間にドイツ軍の攻撃によって課された制限）がこの攻撃によって解除され、メッツのドイツ軍鉄道施設に対する攻撃攻略はドイツ軍にとって壊滅的なことになるだろう、ということに気づいていた。

＞For this, he placed his confidence in a young First Infantry Division Major, George Marshall, to move troops and supplies effectively throughout the battle. After these goals were accomplished, the Americans could launch offensives into Germany proper. The American First Army had been activated in August and taken over the sector of the Allied line. Pershing had to persuade Marshall Foch (the supreme Allied military commander) to permit an American attack on the salient.
⇒このことで、彼は、戦闘を通じて効果的に軍隊や物資を移動させるために、若い第1歩兵師団大尉ジョージ・マーシャルに信頼を寄せた。これらの目標が達成された後には、米国軍はドイツ軍そのものへの攻撃を開始する可能性が出てくる。米国第1方面軍は8月から活動に入り、連合国軍の戦線を引き継いだ。パーシングは、米国軍による突出部への攻撃を認めてもらうべく、マーシャル・フォック（連合国軍最高司令官）を説得しなければならなかった。

＞Weather reports　The weather corps of Corps I Operation Order stated: "Visibility: Heavy driving wind and rain during parts of day and night. Roads: Very muddy." This would pose a challenge to the Americans when the order to advance was given. In some parts of the road, the men were almost knee-deep in mud and water. After five days of rain, the ground was nearly impassable to both the American tanks and infantry. Many of the tanks were wrecked with water leakage into the engine, while others would get stuck in mud flows. Some of the infantrymen developed early stages of trench foot, even before the trenches were dug.
⇒気象報告
　第I軍団作戦司令部の気象班は次のように述べた。「見通し：昼夜問わず、ところどころで重く激しい風雨がある。道路：非常にぬかるむ」。これは、米国軍に進軍の指令が下るときに、大きな課題を提起するだろう。道路のところどころで、兵士らはほとんど膝の深さまで泥水につかった。5日間の雨の後、地面は米国軍の戦車隊と歩兵隊の両方にとってほとんど通行不能となった。多くの戦車がエンジンへの浸水で壊れてしまったが、一方また別の戦車は泥流に巻き込まれてしまったようである。歩兵によっては、塹壕が掘られる前から、塹壕足炎（凍傷に似た症状）の初期段階を発現した。

＞German defensive positions　Map of the Battle
　Prior to the American operation, the Germans installed many in-depth series of trenches, wire obstacles, and machine-gun nests[not in citation given] The battlefields' terrain included the nearby premises of three villages: Vigneulles, Thiaucourt, and Hannonville-sous-les-Cotes. Their capture would accelerate the envelopment of the German divisions near St. Mihiel. The American forces planned to breach the trenches and then advance along the enemy's logistical road network.
　The Germans knew many details about the Allied offensive campaign coming against them. One Swiss newspaper had published the date, time, and duration of the preparatory barrage.
⇒ドイツ軍の守備陣地　戦闘用地図
　米国軍の作戦行動に先立って、ドイツ軍は塹壕、電線の障害物、機関銃巣を数多く設置した〔引用元不明〕。既述の戦場の地形としては、ヴィニュレ、ティアクール、およびアノヴィユ・ス・レ・コトの近接３村が含まれていた。彼らの攻略活動は、サン=ミエル近くのドイツ軍師団の包囲を加速するだろう。米国軍は塹壕を壊し、敵の兵站用ネットワークに沿って前進する計画を練った。
　ドイツ軍は、彼らに対する連合国軍の攻撃野戦について多くの詳細を知っていた。スイスのある新聞には、予備集中砲火の日取り、時間、継続時間が掲載されていた。

※全体的に構文がむずかしく、推測交じりで訳しましたので、誤訳があるかも知れませんが、その節はどうぞ悪しからず。

お礼

回答ありがとうございました。