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The Battle of Hill 70 was a battle of World War I between the Canadian Corps and five divisions of the German 6th Army. The battle took place along the Western Front on the outskirts of Lens in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France between 15 and 25 August 1917.
The objectives of the assault were to inflict casualties and to draw German troops away from the 3rd Battle of Ypres, rather than to capture territory. The Canadian Corps executed an operation to capture Hill 70 and then establish defensive positions from which combined small-arms and artillery fire, some of which used the new technique of predicted fire, would repel German counter-attacks and inflict as many casualties as possible. The goals of the Canadian Corps were only partially accomplished; the Germans were prevented from transferring local divisions to the Ypres Salient but failed to draw in troops from other areas.
A later attempt by the Canadian Corps to extend its position into the city of Lens failed but the German and Canadian assessments of the battle concluded that it succeeded in its attrition objective. The battle was costly for both sides and many casualties were suffered from extensive use of poison gas, including the new German Yellow Cross shell containing the blistering agent sulfur mustard (mustard gas).The industrial coal city of Lens, France had fallen under German control in October 1914 during the Race to the Sea. Consequently, the Germans also controlled the heights at Hill 70 to the north of the city and Sallaumines Hill to the southeast, both of which had commanding views over the surrounding area as well as the city itself. Hill 70 was a treeless expanse at the end of one of the many spurs. In September 1915, the British had overrun the hill during the Battle of Loos but had not managed to hold it.
The British First Army commander General Henry Horne ordered the Canadian Corps to relieve I Corps from their position opposite the city of Lens on 10 July 1917 and directed Canadian Corps commander Arthur Currie to develop a plan for capturing the town by the end of July 1917.

Battle of Hill 70 : 70高地の戦い

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞The Battle of Hill 70 was a battle of World War I between the Canadian Corps and five divisions of the German 6th Army. The battle took place along the Western Front on the outskirts of Lens in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region of France between 15 and 25 August 1917.
⇒「70番ヒル（高地）の戦い」は、カナダ軍団とドイツ軍第6方面軍の5個師団との間の第1次世界大戦の戦いの一つであった。戦いは、1917年8月15日と8月25日の間に、フランス、ノール-パ-ド-カレー地域のレンズ郊外の西部戦線に沿って起こった。

＞The objectives of the assault were to inflict casualties and to draw German troops away from the 3rd Battle of Ypres, rather than to capture territory. The Canadian Corps executed an operation to capture Hill 70 and then establish defensive positions from which combined small-arms and artillery fire, some of which used the new technique of predicted fire, would repel German counter-attacks and inflict as many casualties as possible. The goals of the Canadian Corps were only partially accomplished; the Germans were prevented from transferring local divisions to the Ypres Salient but failed to draw in troops from other areas.
⇒襲撃の目的は、領土の攻略よりはむしろ、ドイツ軍隊に犠牲者を負わせて、「第3次イープルの戦い」からドイツ軍を引き離すことであった。カナダ軍団は、70番ヒルを攻略するために作戦行動を実行して、それから防御陣地を確立した。ドイツ軍の反撃を撃退して、できるだけ多くの犠牲者を負わせられるよう、小銃と大砲砲火を複合し、さらにその幾つかは新しい予測砲火の技術を採用した。（しかし）カナダ軍団の目標は、部分的に成就しただけであった。（ただ）ドイツ軍は地元の師団を「イープル突出部」へ移すのを妨げられたが、他の地域から軍隊を引き込むこともできなかった。

＞A later attempt by the Canadian Corps to extend its position into the city of Lens failed but the German and Canadian assessments of the battle concluded that it succeeded in its attrition objective. The battle was costly for both sides and many casualties were suffered from extensive use of poison gas, including the new German Yellow Cross shell containing the blistering agent sulfur mustard (mustard gas).
⇒その後レンズ市に陣地を広げるためのカナダ軍団の試みは失敗したが、このドイツ軍とカナダ軍の戦いの評価は、消耗戦の目的としては成功だったと結論された。戦いは両軍にとって高くついて、猛烈な毒ガス弾の広範囲な使用から、多くの犠牲を被った。ドイツ軍の毒ガス弾には、火ぶくれ作用のある新しいイエロー・クロス（マスタードガス）弾が含まれていた。

＞The industrial coal city of Lens, France had fallen under German control in October 1914 during the Race to the Sea. Consequently, the Germans also controlled the heights at Hill 70 to the north of the city and Sallaumines Hill to the southeast, both of which had commanding views over the surrounding area as well as the city itself. Hill 70 was a treeless expanse at the end of one of the many spurs. In September 1915, the British had overrun the hill during the Battle of Loos but had not managed to hold it.
⇒石炭産業の都市レンズは、1914年10月に「海へのレース」の間にフランスからドイツの支配下に落ちていた。したがって、ドイツ軍はまた、70番ヒルの高地から都市の北方と、サロミネス・ヒルから南東を支配していた。そして、その両方（の高地）からは、周囲の地域および都市自体を統括するための眺望が効いた。70番ヒルは、多くの山脚の1端にある、樹木のない広がりであった。1915年9月、英国軍は「ルースの戦い」の間にその丘を（一旦は）制圧したが、維持し続けることはできなかったのである。

＞The British First Army commander General Henry Horne ordered the Canadian Corps to relieve I Corps from their position opposite the city of Lens on 10 July 1917 and directed Canadian Corps commander Arthur Currie to develop a plan for capturing the town by the end of July 1917.
⇒英国軍の第1方面軍指揮官ヘンリー・ホーン将軍は、1917年7月10日にレンズ市に対面する陣地から、第I軍団を救援するようカナダ軍団に命じた。そこでカナダ軍団指揮官アーサー・カリーは、1917年7月末までには町を占領する計画を練った。

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