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質問

Matters of dispute by the participants, writers and historians since the war, have included the wisdom of pursuing an offensive strategy in the wake of the Nivelle Offensive, rather than waiting for the arrival of the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) in France.
The choice of Flanders over areas further south or the Italian front, the climate and weather in Flanders, the choice of General Hubert Gough and the Fifth Army to conduct the offensive, debates over the nature of the opening attack and between advocates of shallow and deeper objectives, have also been controversial. The passage of time between the Battle of Messines (7–14 June) and the Battle of Pilckem Ridge (31 July, the opening move of the Third Battle of Ypres), the extent to which the internal troubles of the French armies motivated British persistence with the offensive, the effect of the weather, the decision to continue the offensive in October and the human cost of the campaign on the soldiers of the German and British armies, have also been argued over ever since.Belgian independence had been recognised in the Treaty of London (1839) which created a sovereign and neutral state. The German invasion of Belgium on 4 August 1914, in violation of Article VII of the treaty, was the reason given by the British government for declaring war on Germany. British military operations in Belgium began with the arrival of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) at Mons on 22 August. Operations in Flanders commenced after reciprocal attempts by the French and German armies to turn their opponents' northern flank through Picardy, Artois and Flanders, known as the Race to the Sea, reached Ypres. On 10 October, Lieutenant-General Erich von Falkenhayn, the Chief of the German General Staff, ordered an attack towards Dunkirk and Calais, followed by a turn south to gain a decisive victory. On 16 October, the Belgians and some French reinforcements began the defence of western Belgium and the French Channel ports at the Battle of the Yser.

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞Matters of dispute by the participants, writers and historians since the war, have included the wisdom of pursuing an offensive strategy in the wake of the Nivelle Offensive, rather than waiting for the arrival of the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) in France.
⇒フランスでは、ニヴェーユ攻撃（の失敗）に続いてアメリカの遠征軍（AEF）の到着が待たれたが、それにもまして攻撃的な戦略を進めるための知恵の問題が、参戦者、作家、歴史家による論争の話題に入ってきた。

＞The choice of Flanders over areas further south or the Italian front, the climate and weather in Flanders, the choice of General Hubert Gough and the Fifth Army to conduct the offensive, debates over the nature of the opening attack and between advocates of shallow and deeper objectives, have also been controversial.
⇒フランドル地域については、もっと南かイタリア前線かの選択、フランドルの気候や天候、ヒューバート・ゴフ将軍と第5方面軍の攻撃実行の選択、攻撃開始（時）の自然状況、浅い標的とより深い標的の主唱者間の議論、なども論争の的であった。

＞The passage of time between the Battle of Messines (7–14 June) and the Battle of Pilckem Ridge (31 July, the opening move of the Third Battle of Ypres), the extent to which the internal troubles of the French armies motivated British persistence with the offensive, the effect of the weather, the decision to continue the offensive in October and the human cost of the campaign on the soldiers of the German and British armies, have also been argued over ever since.
⇒「メッシネスの戦い」（6月7–14日）と「ピルケム・リッジの戦い」（7月31日、「第3回イープルの戦い」の緒戦）、フランス軍の内紛の広がりなどが、英国軍による攻撃、天気の影響、10月に攻撃を続けるという決定等への固執の動機づけとなり、ドイツ軍と英国軍の兵士に関する野戦の人的費用（問題）などもまた延々と議論された。

＞Belgian independence had been recognised in the Treaty of London (1839) which created a sovereign and neutral state. The German invasion of Belgium on 4 August 1914, in violation of Article VII of the treaty, was the reason given by the British government for declaring war on Germany. British military operations in Belgium began with the arrival of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) at Mons on 22 August.
⇒ベルギーの独立については、王国の中立国家をつくる、ということが「ロンドン条約」（1839年）において認められていた。1914年8月4日のドイツ軍によるベルギーへの侵入は、同条約の第VII条に違反したので、これがドイツに対する英国政府の宣戦布告の理由となった。ベルギーでの英国軍の作戦行動は、8月22日に英国遠征軍（BEF）のモンス到着をもって始まった。

＞Operations in Flanders commenced after reciprocal attempts by the French and German armies to turn their opponents' northern flank through Picardy, Artois and Flanders, known as the Race to the Sea, reached Ypres. On 10 October, Lieutenant-General Erich von Falkenhayn, the Chief of the German General Staff, ordered an attack towards Dunkirk and Calais, followed by a turn south to gain a decisive victory. On 16 October, the Belgians and some French reinforcements began the defence of western Belgium and the French Channel ports at the Battle of the Yser.
⇒フランドルでの作戦行動は、フランスとドイツの各方面軍による、互いの敵の北側面に回りこむ相互的な試みのあとに始まった。それ（試み）は、「海へのレース」として知られているが、ピカルディ、アルトワ、フランドルを通ってイープルに到着したのであった。10月10日に、ドイツ軍の参謀幕僚長エーリッヒ・フォン・ファルケンハイン中将は、ダンキルクとカレーの方向への攻撃を命じ、続いて決定的な勝利を得るために南へ回り込んだ。10月16日に、ベルギー軍と若干のフランス軍増援隊が、「イゼールの戦い」で、西ベルギーとフランスの海峡港の守備を開始した。

※全体的によく分かりませんでした。誤訳の節はどうぞ悪しからず。

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