和訳お願いします
Brain imaging has allowed a man who was previously considered unconscious to answer a series of yes-or-no question. The study, published this week in New England Journal of Medicine, challenges clinicians' definition of consciousness and provides an unprecedented opportunity to communicate with those who show no outward signs of awareness.
Patients are classified as unconscious, or being in a vegetative state, if they are unable to respond in any fashion to an extensive series of questions and requests. But if the patient is completely unable to move, an aware or communicative mind could go unrecognized by this method of assessment. The conundrum with the vegetative state is that it's a diagnosis made on lack of evidence, says neuroscientist Adrian Owen of the Medical Research Council's Cognition and Brian Sciences Unit in Cambridge, UK.
Owen and his colleagues made headlines three years ago when they used a brain-scanning technique called functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI) to demonstrate that a woman in a vegetative state could respond to verbal commands. When researchers directed her to imagine playing a game of tennis or walking through her house, the fMRI scan revealed that she activated the same areas of her brain as healthy subjects who were asked to do the same.
The findings sparked a debate over whether or not the woman was actually conscious(see Thoughts of woman in waking coma revealed).Some argued that Owen and his collaborators saw was nothing more than an automatic activation of those brain regions on hearing certain words.
One such critic was Lionel Naccache, a neuroscientist at the Pitie-Salpetriere hospital in Paris, who urged caution before concluding that the woman was indeed conscious.
This latest evidence of communication with a vegetative patients, however, has Naccache convinced. This is clear-cut evidence of consciousness he says.
>Surveillance: A Threat to Democracy
>
A new Washington Post-Pew Research Center poll found that a majority of
Americans are untroubled by revelations about the National Security
Agency’s dragnet collection of the phone records of millions of citizens,
without any individual suspicion and regardless of any connection to a
counterterrorism investigation.
Perhaps the lack of a border sense of alarm is not all that surprising
when President Obama, Senator Dianne Feinstein, the Democratic
chairwoman of the Intelligence Committee, and intelligence officials
insist that such surveillance is crucial to the nation’s antiterrorism
efforts.
But Americans should not be fooled by political leaders putting forward
a false choice. The issue is not whether the government should
vigorously pursue terrorists. The question is whether the security goals
can achieved by less-intrusive or sweeping means, without tramping on
democratic freedoms and basic right .Far too little has been said on
this question by the White House or Congress in their defense of the N.S.
A.’s dragnet.
The surreptitious collection of “metadata”-every bit of information
about every phone call except the word-by-word content of conversations
‐fundamentally alters the relationship between individuals and their
government.
The surreptitious collection of “metadata”-every bit of information
about every phone call except the word-by-word content of conversations
‐fundamentally alters the relationship between individuals and their
government.
But Americans should not be fooled by political leaders putting forward
a false choice. The issue is not whether the government should
vigorously pursue terrorists. The question is whether the security goals
can achieved by less-intrusive or sweeping means, without tramping on
democratic freedoms and basic right .Far too little has been said on
this question by the White House or Congress in their defense of the N.S.
A.’s dragnet.
Perhaps the lack of a border sense of alarm is not all that surprising
when President Obama, Senator Dianne Feinstein, the Democratic
chairwoman of the Intelligence Committee, and intelligence officials
insist that such surveillance is crucial to the nation’s antiterrorism
efforts.
A new Washington Post-Pew Research Center poll found that a majority of
Americans are untroubled by revelations about the National Security
Agency’s dragnet collection of the phone records of millions of citizens,
without any individual suspicion and regardless of any connection to a
counterterrorism investigation.
(1)( )内を正しい形にし当てはめる
If you ___ a million yen in the lottery,what would you do. (win)
You would be surprised if I ___ you the truth. (tell)
Jhon would come if he ___ the time. (have)
I wish you ___ here now. (be)
(2)並べ替え
彼により自由な時間があればピアノを習うでしょう
(would / if / free / had / he / time / learn / more / he / ,) to play the piano.
私があなたなら、もう少し注意深くするのですが
(be / if / I / I / were / would / you / ,) a little more careful.
私が市長なら環境保護に努めるでしょう
(were / try / I / I / to / would / mayor / protect / if /,) the enviroment.
もしもあなたの髪が明日真っ白になったら、どうしますか
(do / hair / if / tomorrow / you / your / went / white / would / ,) ?
もっと一生懸命練習していれば、すばらしいサッカー選手になれたのに
(had / been / harder / if / you / practiced / could / you / have / ,) a good soccer player.
(1)英訳(仮定法を使います)
１、こんなに肌寒くなければ、川に泳ぎに行くのだけど。(肌寒く chilly)
２、もしあなたが会合に出席していたら、私はあなたに会っていたでしょう。(出席する attend)
３、もしも昨日天気がよかったならば、私達はテニスができたのに。
４、あなたはもう少し早く起きていたら、その列車を逃すことはなかったのに。(逃す miss)
(2)適切な語を空所にいれる
石油を使わなくても生活できさえすればいいんだけど
If only we ___ ___ without using oil.
そうね。もしも世界に車がなければ、空気はもっときれいになるでしょう
You're right. If there ___ ___ cars in the world, the air ___ ___ cleaner.
枯れた森林を再生できれば、地球温暖化やわ止められるかもしれませんよ
If we ___ revive the dead forests, we ___ be able to ___ global warming.
Since 2001,more researchers have become interested in developing rescue robots,and this research is now progressing rapidly. However,there is a lot more work to be done and natural disasters continue to occur. In fact,sevesal big carthquakes have happened recently both inside and outside Japan. So Professor Matsuno feels the importance of this work even more strongly.
In order to make faster progress,Professor Matsuno thinks it is necessary to encourage more young researchers to develop rescue robots. He is confident of their having a very important role in helping people at disaster sites in the future. He says,"Keeping Motohiro's dream in mind,I'd like to work hard to help more people survive disasters. I also hope many young people will join me in achieving this goal."
He was the first man who climbed the mountain.
He was the first man ()() the mountain.
He trained hard so that he could win the marathon race.
He trained hard ()()() win the marathon race.
Iawoke and found myseld in the hospital.
I awoke ()() myself in the hospital.
私はクロスワードパズルをするのはおもしろいとわかった
I found ()fun() do crossword puzzles.
その老人には頼る身寄りがない
The old man has no relatives ()turn().
入学式に何を着ていけばよいか決められない
I can't decide ()()() at the entrance ceremony.
ジェーンはとても楽しい話相手だ。
Jane is very pleasand ()()().
私は、あなたが成功したと聞いて大変満足しています。
I am greatly ()()() of your success.
彼は一生懸命やったが、失敗した。
He tried hard,()()().
疑問詞が主語の場合と、そうでない場合の答え方に注意しましょう。
主語でない場合
あの背の高い男はだれですか。
Who is that tall man?
私の理科の先生です。
He is my science teacher.
主語は that tall man の部分です。
すいません、初歩的な事を教えて欲しいんですけど
主語は that tall manなのになんで Whoにisのb動詞が来てるんですか？
英語の文法は主語＋動詞＋その他じゃないんですか？
The article mentions that it took 17 years from the beginning of the investigation to the publication of the 11 papers on Ardi in 2009. During that time only one paper was published by the team members, in 1994. It is interesting that the team did not publish papers on the research for 15 years, for we live in the era of “publish or perish” – in other words, professors understand that they need to publish academic articles in order to keep their jobs, or at least to be able to advance their careers. True, 47 of the 70 investigators on the team were listed as authors on the 11 papers. Also, the publication of the papers all at once essentially guaranteed that the papers were given a lot of attention. Still, it is encouraging that the universities and other institutions that funded the research continued to support the team members despite the lack of papers. After all, “publish or perish” is largely due to the need for universities to be recognized as places where a lot of research is being done. High levels of publication lead to high evaluations, which helps attract students and funding to a particular university. The presence of good students and large research budgets help the school maintain its excellence. So the term “publish or perish” may not be quite as cynical as it first sounds.
Field work, or the collection of data, can be a very exciting part of a researcher’s career. At the same time, field work can be very tedious because doing it properly requires a lot of patience. A sociologist may go to a workplace and spend all day observing how the people there act, or may interview hundreds of people as part of a survey. In marine biology, field work may consist of going out on the ocean to capture, tag, and release animals. An archaeologist might supervise a dig, where ancient objects are unearthed, classified, and archived. As the above suggests, field work takes a lot of planning and organization. Also, it is important to follow routine procedures to make sure that the data are collected properly. Sometimes, however, a great discovery is made, and the atmosphere at the site becomes electric. For example, it must have been incredibly exciting for Gen Suwa to find the first specimen of A. ramidus, but then two years of painstaking work was needed to find enough fossils to construct the skeleton. Both sides of field work are necessary. The exciting discoveries show the researchers that they are on the right track, and the routine procedures support the validity of the newly-made discoveries.
あなたが帰ってきたということを聞いて。私の弟は興奮した。
My brother_____________________________that you came back.
どのようにしてこの家はリフォームされたのですか。
___________________________________________________________________________
あなたの提案は議論されているところです。
Your proposal__________________________________________________________.
クミコが私たちのチームのキャプテンに選ばれるでしょう。
Kumiko_______________________________________________________of our team.
明日、身分証明書を忘れずに事務所に持参してください。
Please remember that your ［be/office/should/ID/brought/to/the］tomorrow.
アメリカで大災害が発生したと報道された。
［to/reported/a catastrophe/ have occurred/was］in America.
私は昨日家に帰る途中、ひどい雨にあった
I［caught/a/was/home/on/in/heavy rain/my way］yesterday.
私が帰ってくるまでにアイスクリームは全部妹に食べられていた。
All the ［been/my sister/had/by/ice cream/before/eaten］I came home.
インドでは何語がはなされていますか。
() languages ()() in India?
その時計は高校の入学祝に叔母が私にくれたものだ。
The watch ()()()() by my aunt as a gift for startilng high school.
あの白鳥たちは村人たちが世話をしています。
Those swans ()() care of () the villagers.
私は君が決めたことにがっかりした。
I ()()() your decision.
日本は経済大国だと言われている。
A: It()()() your decision.
B: Japan ()()()() an economic power.
This mast___________________________well. <understand>
このことはよく理解されなければならない。
Wait a minute. Your car___________________________now.<wash>
ちょっとまってください。あなたの車は今洗車中です。
It is completely_______________________papers and books. <cover>
書類や本ですっかり覆われている。
Koichi______________________________while playing rugby.<injure>
コウイチはラグビーをしているときに、けがをした
Kate___________________by the boy. <look>
ケイトはその男にみつめられた。
