(1)If climate change and population growth progress at their current pace, in roughly 50 years farming as we know it will no longer exist. This means that the majority of people could soon be without enough food or water. But there is a solution that is surprisingly within reach, and that is to move most farming into cities, and grow crops in tall, specially constructed buildings. It’s called vertical farming.
(2)The floods and lack of rainfall that have come with climate change are destroying traditional farmland. Three recent floods, for example, have cost the US billions of dollars in lost crops, with even more serious losses in topsoil. In India changes in rain patterns and temperature could reduce India’s agricultural output by 30% or more by the end of the century.
(3)What’s more, population increases will soon reduce the amount of land available to American farmers. The amount of land for farming per person has decreased from about an acre in 1970 to roughly half an acre in 2000, and it is expected to decline to about a third of an acre by 2050. With billions more people on the way, before we know it the traditional soil-based farming model developed over the last 12,000 years will no longer be possible anywhere. In short, it has become alarmingly clear that the world must find new methods of food production and distribution.
(4)Now imagine a vertical farm built within the limits of a major city. Food production would take advantage of hydroponic methods that use far less water than conventional cultivation techniques, in some cases as much as 90 percent less. When we apply the vertical farm concept to countries that are water-challenged, such as those in the Middle East, the benefits of vertical farming look even more attractive. For this reason the world’s very first vertical farm may be established there, although the idea has now attracted considerable interest from architects, scientists and governments all over the world.
(5)The list of benefits of the vertical farm is indeed long. To start with,
crop production would no longer be limited by seasons or be impacted by poor whether. The farm itself would behave like a functional ecosystem in which waste is recycled to be used over and over again. By supplying a continuous quantity of fresh vegetables and fruits to city residents, such farms would help prevent health problems, some of which arise from the lack of quality food in our diet. They wouldn't only improve urban life, but also help to restore the land that was damaged by traditional farming. For every indoor acre farmed, some 10 to 20 outdoor acres of farmland could be allowed to return to their original state. The vertical farm would also create new employment opportunities for the expanding populations of urban centers, certain in which abandoned properties could become productive once again.
(6)Moreover, vertical farms would produce crops that contain no added chemicals. The farms would greatly reduce air pollution, since they would eliminate the need for heavy farm machines and trucks that deliver food from farm to fork. Think how great it would be if everything on your plate came from around the corner, rather than from hundreds or thousands of miles away. The structures themselves would be things of beauty and grace. In order to allow plants to capture sunlight, walls and ceilings would be completely transparent. So from a distance, it would look as if there were gardens suspended in space.
(7)While experimental vertical farming projects in the US and the UK have shown very positive results thus far, it is important to bear in mind that the science of vertical farming still has a long way to go. To be successful in the long term, vertical farming will still need to prove that it is economically efficient, especially with respect to energy and urban land costs.
本文の原文→http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/24/opinion/24Despommier.html?_r=1&
(1)If climate change and population growth progress at their current pace, in roughly 50 years farming as we know it will no longer exist. This means that the majority of people could soon be without enough food or water. But there is a solution that is surprisingly within reach, and that is to move most farming into cities, and grow crops in tall, specially constructed buildings. It’s called vertical farming.
(2)The floods and lack of rainfall that have come with climate change are destroying traditional farmland. Three recent floods, for example, have cost the US billions of dollars in lost crops, with even more serious losses in topsoil. In India changes in rain patterns and temperature could reduce India’s agricultural output by 30% or more by the end of the century.
(3)What’s more, population increases will soon reduce the amount of land available to American farmers. The amount of land for farming per person has decreased from about an acre in 1970 to roughly half an acre in 2000, and it is expected to decline to about a third of an acre by 2050. With billions more people on the way, before we know it the traditional soil-based farming model developed over the last 12,000 years will no longer be possible anywhere. In short, it has become alarmingly clear that the world must find new methods of food production and distribution.
(4)Now imagine a vertical farm built within the limits of a major city. Food production would take advantage of hydroponic methods that use far less water than conventional cultivation techniques, in some cases as much as 90 percent less. When we apply the vertical farm concept to countries that are water-challenged, such as those in the Middle East, the benefits of vertical farming look even more attractive. For this reason the world’s very first vertical farm may be established there, although the idea has now attracted considerable interest from architects, scientists and governments all over the world.
(5)The list of benefits of the vertical farm is indeed long. To start with,
crop production would no longer be limited by seasons or be impacted by poor whether. The farm itself would behave like a functional ecosystem in which waste is recycled to be used over and over again. By supplying a continuous quantity of fresh vegetables and fruits to city residents, such farms would help prevent health problems, some of which arise from the lack of quality food in our diet. They wouldn't only improve urban life, but also help to restore the land that was damaged by traditional farming. For every indoor acre farmed, some 10 to 20 outdoor acres of farmland could be allowed to return to their original state. The vertical farm would also create new employment opportunities for the expanding populations of urban centers, certain in which abandoned properties could become productive once again.
(6)Moreover, vertical farms would produce crops that contain no added chemicals. The farms would greatly reduce air pollution, since they would eliminate the need for heavy farm machines and trucks that deliver food from farm to fork. Think how great it would be if everything on your plate came from around the corner, rather than from hundreds or thousands of miles away. The structures themselves would be things of beauty and grace. In order to allow plants to capture sunlight, walls and ceilings would be completely transparent. So from a distance, it would look as if there were gardens suspended in space.
(7)While experimental vertical farming projects in the US and the UK have shown very positive results thus far, it is important to bear in mind that the science of vertical farming still has a long way to go. To be successful in the long term, vertical farming will still need to prove that it is economically efficient, especially with respect to energy and urban land costs.
本文の原文→http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/24/opinion/24Despommier.html?_r=1&
( )内に入る最も適当な語句を選びなさい。また、完成した文を訳しなさい。
1. It ( ) for Mary to learn that her bike had been stolen.
(1)has shocked (2)shocked (3)was shocked (4)was shocking
2. When I was walking through the woods at night in the rainstorm, I felt something ( ) on my back. But, to my relief, it was my hair.
(1)crawled (2)crawling (3)crawls (4)to crawl
3. ( ) why he was late this morning, he said that he been involved in the train accident.
(1)Asking (2)To ask (3)Asked (4)By asking
4. She is sitting on the bench in the park ( ) he eyes closed.
(1)to (2)in (3)on (4)with
5. Mary was ( ) to go to thr party at first, but she found that it was fun.
(1)pleasant (2)likely (3)willing (4)reluctant
6. To ( ) with. let me ask you what your name is.
(1)talk (2)begin (3)be honest (4)be frank
7. When I fell, I felt something ( ) wrong with my food.
(1)goes (2)has gone (3)go (4)will go
8. I really regret ( ) everyone what happened to John. I didn't know he wanted to keep it secret.
(1)telling (2)told (3)to tell (4)to have told
9. The angry person went away without so much ( ) some apologetic words.
(1)as saying (2)in saying (3)saying (4)saying about
10. He's been fishing for two hours, but ( ) no fish has taken the bait.
(1)as if (2)so as (3)so that (4)as yet
11. Some people say that the Internet is a passing fasion, ( ) others believe it is a turning point in human history.
(1)during (2)while (3)judging from (4)considering
12. You may have ( ) soup or salad with your dinner.
(1)both (2)either (3)neither (4)a choice
13. It was getting dark, and ( ) was worse, it began to snow.
(1)as (2)how (3)what (4)where
14. The Baspue language, ( ) origin remains a mistery, is not related to any other language that we know of.
(1)that (2)what (3)which (4)whose
15. Michael works very hard. That's ( ) I respect him.
(1)that (2)the person (3)the thing (4)why
16. I am afraid I am not prerared to ( ) the risk of losing all my money.
(1)catch (2)deal (3)put (4)take
17. A : Hello. Customer service. This is Fiona speaking. May I help you?
B : Hello. I ordered some books two months ago, but they haven't arrived yet. Could you ( ) this matter, please?
(1)look for (2)watch for (3)look into (4)watch into
18. She often worked for twenty-four hours ( ).
(1)end on (2)on end (3)at an end (4)end for end
19. They robbed ( ) on his way home from the office.
(1)his money (2)his money of him (3)him from his money (4)him of his money
以上です。
よろしくお願いします。
間違いなどありましたら、お知らせください。
（ ）内に入る最も適当な語句を選びなさい。また、完成した文を訳しなさい。
1. I started to ( ) worried when I discovered that my passport was missing from my handbag.
(1)get (2)have (3)remain (4)seem
2. ( ) education more widely available is necessary in some countries.
(1)Telling (2)Sharing (3)Making (4)Dealing
3. The first typhoon is ( ) the Philippines right now.
(1)approaching (2)comig (3)going (4)nearly
4. Can you please ( ) me what time the show begins?
(1)teach (2)talk to (3)speak to (4)tell
5. A : Didn't you there to see her yesterday?
B : ( ) I met her there and we went to the party together.
(1)No, I didn't. (2)No, I did. (3)Yes, I didn't. (4)Yes, I did.
6. Since I forget to pay the annual fee, this membership card ( ) last Monday.
(1)expired (2)has expired (3)has been expired (4)has been expiring
7. Emily was ( ) to go out when the telephone rang.
(1)about (2)close (3)for (4)used
8. The telephone ( ) for almost a minute. Why doesn't someone answer it?
(1)is ringing (2)rang (3)had been ringing (4)has been ringing
9. The movie ( ) by the time you finish that huge bucket of popcorn.
(1)ended (2)had eneded (3)has ended (4)will have ended
10. When I was a child, my mother ( ) say, "The only thing you can't keep is a secret !"
(1)will (2)will often (3)would often (4)always
11. You might as ( ) leave early because there is no more work to do today.
(1)beat (2)better (3)well (4)good
12. The president said, "All of you ( ) to attend this meeting."
(1)are expected (2)expects (3)are expect (4)expecting
13. All of us know Mr. Ichiro Suzuki well. = Mr. Ichiro Szuki ( ).
(1)knows all of us very well (2)is well known to all of us (3)is known all of us well (4)is to know of us very well
14. Is it possible that his death might not have been accidental ? Could he have ( ), Dr. Winkel ?
(1)be pushed (2)be pushing (3)been pushed (4)be pushing
15. ( ) a matter of fact, I have been to London four times.
(1)Of (2)On (3)In (4)As
16. Her sister makes money by playing the violin:( ), she is a professional musician.
(1)as a result (2)for example (3)in other words (4)on the other hand
17. It ( ) a difference whether you vote or not.
(1)makes (2)takes (3)does (4)leads
以上です。
どうかよろしくお願いします。
間違いなどがありましたら、お知らせください。
Even isolated business incidents that erode consumer trust, such as contaminated food or privacy breaches particularly if the incidents receive considerable publicity or result in litigation, can significantly reduce brand value.
どなたかお願いしますm(__)m
※
brand value＝ブランド価値
1. Why have the chickens stopped () eggs?
(1) laying (2) lying (3) to lay (4) to lie
2. Indoor heating systems have made () for people to live and work in comfortable conditions.
(1) possible that (2) it possible (3) possible (4) it is possible
3. Her father () her to be careful when choosing friends.
(1) advised (2) explained (3) said (4) suggested
4. (), we went home.
(1) full (2) This done (3) Did this (4) Done this
5. I called your office a couple of times, but the line was ().
(1) full (2) short (3) far (4) busy
6. People are becoming increasingly () the misuse of the taxpayer's money.
(1) received from (2) fed up with (3) delayed by (4) given to
6. You say it is black. (), it is white.
(1) By contrast (2) On the contrary (3) Moreover (4) In exchange
(1)The temperature is higher on the second floor (＿＿) in the lnbby.
(A)by
(B)or
(C)than
(D)as
(2)Stationery embossed with the company logo is kept in the (＿＿) drawer.
(A)below
(B)bottom
(C)under
(D)beneath
(3)After carrying too (＿＿) inventory for six months,the mail order company went out of business.
(A)litte
(B)less
(C)few
(D)small
(4)Almost (＿＿) in the department signed up for the company picnic.
(A)each
(B)anyone
(C)someone
(D)everyone
(5)No one was surprised to learn how much money the company spends(＿＿)advertising yearly.
(A)in
(B)throughout
(C)on
(D)at
上記(1)～(5)に適切な語句を(A)～(D)の中から当てはめ、なおかつ日本語に訳せる方、教えて下さい。
お願いします。
(1)About five years(＿＿),the companies decided not to merge.
(A)before
(B)since
(C)ago
(D)past
(2)The (＿＿) author will be signing copies of his book at the reception.
(A)sell-off
(B)bestselling
(C)sellers market
(D)packaged
(3)The Tokyo Stock Exchange reported that stocks(＿＿).
(A)lower ended moderately today
(B)ended lower moderately today
(C)ended moderately lower today
(D)today moderately lower ended
(4)Clothing sales at specialized clothing retailers (＿＿) in the past five years.
(A)had been risen
(B)rising
(C)are rising
(D)have risen
(5)Profits indicate that the computer industry has finally turned (＿＿).
(A)around
(B)back
(C)forward
(D)down
上記(1)～(5)に適切な語句を(A)～(D)の中から当てはめ、なおかつ日本語に訳せる方、教えて下さい。
お願いします。
Ordinary robts perform special tasks only in limited areas.
Robots are different-they are designed to work together with people.
Workers must still supply some force when working with an robot, but
they can do so in greater safety.
It is easy for workers to push objects directly in form of them.
However , when moving heavy objects aside, workers must stretch
and turn , which places terrible stress on their arms and backs.
Even one of these actions can hurt a person's back, but more commom
are problems caused by repeating such actions many times over a long
period. Robots can prevent such problems.
Just push it ,and the x-robot moves the object so you do not have to stretch
and strain.
英文の和訳で困っています 和訳を教えていただきたいです よろしくお願いします！！
３They publicly expressed their horror at the brutality and made it known to the East Germans that they sympathized with their fate.
４The Western press made a great show of supporting those who took part in the uprising and gave the impression that there would be Western involvement and help, but this impression that there would be Western involvement and help, but this impression was deceptive.
８The inactivity of Great Britain must be seen in the light of this stance.
１５Adenauer was taken aback by popular uprising.
１６He was at a loss about both the origin and the extent of the potential for protest.
英文の和訳で困っています 和訳を教えていただきたいです よろしくお願いします！！
１The winner of the uprising having been put down was Ulbricht who was able to consolidate his power position and could count on Soviet support for lack of other suitable leaders, particularly since his opponents within the Party were arrested.
２On 19 July the Western High Commissioners voiced their protest at the Soviet action and called for the restoration of ‘normal conditions of life’.
５It soon became clear that Great Britain had no interest in providing East German citizens with any help.
６The British High Commissioners, Sir Ivonne Kirkpatrick, held the view that the intervention of Soviet troops had been legitimate.
７For him the USSR also had the right in principle to keep control of their zone if necessary by force.
1. Since this is a very important problem, we are not prepared to () this here.
(1) discuss on (2) discuss over (3) discuss (4) discuss about
2. Thanks for sending the file for me - it () me a lot time.
(1) gave (2) made (3) saved (4) reduced
3. You mustn't drive when you are drunk. There is a heavy () for drunk driving.
(1) fine (2) fare (3) fee (4) charge
4. () my books are English detective novels.
(1) Most of (2) Almost of (3) Most (4) All almost
5. You should be more () to other people's feelings.
(1) sensible (2) sensitive (3) sensual (4) sensory
6. () we should make sure we have what we need.
(1) For the first time (2) At first (3) The first time (4) First of all
7. This detective novel is said () in 20th century.
(1) having been written (2) to have written (3) to have been written (4) that it was written
8. She wanted to be a teacher in the town () she was born.
(1) that (2) what (3) where (4) which
9. This table is three times () of that one.
(1) as large (2) as large as (3) the size (4) size as
10. Let's go to the park, () we?
(1) don't (2) can't (3) shall (4) will
( )に入る適語を教えてください
（ ） I known the fact、I （ ）（ ） told it to you
( ) it ( ) for air and water, we ( ) not exist on the earth
If I ( ) in your position, I ( ) not do such a thing
I wish I ( ) a brother and a sister
He acts ( ) ( ) he ( ) a millionaire
If it ( ) ( ) nice, we ( ) ( ) played soccer in the park
He is, ( ) ( ) ( ), a superman
He looks ( ) ( ) he ( ) ill
If all the tropical forests ( ) ( ) disappear, what would become of our planet?
If he ( ) got up early, he wouldn't ( ) missed the train
Provided that you ( ) a lot of money, what ( ) you do with it?
If my father ( ) in good health, he ( ) carry out his plan
( ) ( ) water, the plants would die
I wish I ( ) speak English as well as you
( ) he known about my trouble, he ( ) ( ) helped me
(1)At a recent town meeting, residents of a rural Australian town voted to ban the sale of bottled water. They are probably the first community in the world to do so. This decision, made by residents of Bundanoon, was the second blow in one day to Australia's bottled drinks industry. Hours earlier, the New South Wales state government had banned all state departments and agencies from buying bottled water, calling it a waste of money and natural resources.
(2)First popular in the 1980s as a convenient, healthy alternative to sweet drinks, bottled water today is attracting criticism for being environmentally damaging. Not only are used plastic bottles filling up garbage disposal sites, their production and distribution also use up large amounts of energy.
(3)Because of these reasons, over the past few years, at least 60 local governments in the US and a number of others in Canada and the UK have agreed to stop spending public public money on bottled water, which public officials used to consume during meetings. But this is the first time that a community has banned the sale of bottled water.
(4)Bundanoon's battle against the bottle began some years ago, when a Sydney-based company announced plans to pump local water out of the ground. Residents were furious about the possibility of an outside company taking local water, trucking ip to Sydney for bottling, and then selling it back to them. The town is still fighting the company's proposal in court.
(5)Then in March, Huw Kingston, who owns the town's cafe and bike shop, decided that if the town was so opposed to hosting a water bottling company , it should also ban the end product, or in other words, bottled water. To prevent damaging the town's businesses that sell bottled water, Kingston suggested they instead sell bottles that could be used again and again, for the same price. Residents would be able to fill the bottles for free at public water tank, or pay a small fee to fill them with local water in the town's shops.
(6)Over 300 people voted on the ban. This was the biggest assembly ever for a town meeting. Only two people voted against the proposal. One of them said he was worried that banning bottled water would encourage people to consume more sweet drinks. The other was Geoff Parker, direct of the Australasian Bottled Water Institute, which represents the bottled water industry. Parker attacked the ban as unfair and ineffective. He said that the bottled water industry is a leader in finding ways to reduce human impact on the environment, and also that the ban reduces consumer choice. “To take away the consumer's right to choose the healthiest drink option goes against common sense,” he stated.
(7)But tap water is just as good as the water you find bottled in plastic, said the campaign organiser Jon Dee, who serves as director of the Australian environment group “Do Something!”. "We're hoping this ban will make people remember the days when we did not have bottled water," he said.
Dr. Nicholas Day is a professor of global health at Oxford University, and he coordinates research on infectious diseases such as malaria and dengue fever in rural Southeast Asia.
There is hope that malaria can someday be eradicated, but the disease is still very common.
Unfortunately, it seems that malaria parasites in Cambodia are becoming resistant to the drug that was once thought to be the best chance of eradicating the disease.
Two groups of malaria patients were used in a study directed by Dr. Day.
One group was from Cambodia, and the other was located in Thailand.
Each group was divided into two subgroups.
One subgroup took artesunate; the other took an artesunate-mefloquine combination.
The Cambodian subjects took longer to clear the parasite.
In other words, the parasite found in the Cambodian subjects was able to resist both treatments better than the parasite that was present in the Thai subjects.
Furthermore, six of the Cambodian subjects in the artesunate sub-group contracted the disease again, while only two of the Thai artesunate sub-group subjects fell ill with malaria after the first clearance of the parasite.
The combined therapy was much more effective, with only one case of re-infection in each group.
The largest lesson from the study is that eradication efforts ― developing improved drugs, controlling mosquito populations, and protecting people by using mosquito nets, among other actions ― must be accelerated, or the malaria parasites will become too strong to eliminate.
よろしくお願いします＾＾；
英語の正誤問題についてです。もし間違っている場合は何がどう変わるのか教えていただきたいです。
1． Seeing the beautiful girlsmile, you'll feel happy.
2. I don't know how to do about this situation.
3. My father makes a rule to take a walk before breakfast.
4. The car salesman tempted me to buy a new model.
5. Everybody believes Tom to an honest man.
6. You should find a house to live before you get married.
7. This box is so heavy for me to lift, so I need your help.
8. This lake is dangerous to swim.
9. I ran fast enough to get to the station in 5 minutes.
自分でも答えだしてみましたが自信ないです・・・
1．○
2．× how→what
3. × makes a rule→makes it a rule
4. ○
5. × to an honest →to be an honest
6. ○
7. × so heavy→too heavy
8. × to swim→to swim in
9. ○
次の英文の( )内の中から最も適した語句を選びなさい。 という問題です。
Did you (speak,talk,say,ask) her to come home ?
自分は say としたのですが。答えは ask でした。
解説では、この文型で使えるのは ask だけ。としか書いてありません。
この文型というのはどういうものを指しているのですか。さっぱりわかりません。解説のほどお願いします。
それと、この文の日本語訳は「あなたは彼女に家に来るように言いましたか」であっているでしょうか。
こちらもお願いします。
It seems impossible to go from the ultraーcivilized tradition of high tea to the wilderness,but that is how Canada lives,an amazing and marvelous melnge of modern sophistication and untouched,untamed frontier.The Yukon Territory was opened up by the goldーseekers of the klondike Gold Rush in the 19th century.Adjoing the Yukon,the Northwest Territories constitute oneーthird of the landmass of Canada,by far the largest political subdivision in the country.It extends to within 500 miles of the North Pole and incldes the islands of the Arctic Archipelago,among them Ellesmere and Baffin lsjands.
Since the early 18th century, however, the force of the rule of law has fostered standards of living that rose by 20 times in that part of the world that embraced competitive markets. Life expectancy more than doubled. And in the developing countries that have abandoned central planning for markets since the end of the Cold War, hundreds of millions of people have been elevated from subsistence poverty. Other hundreds of millions are now experiencing a level of affluence that people born in developed nations have experienced all their lives.
