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In the omics era, the development of high-throughput technologies that permit the solution of deciphering cancer from higher dimensionality provides a knowledge base that changes the face of cancer understanding and therapeutics (Cho, 2010b). Serum is one of the most easily procured patient specimens and it is perceived to contain many of the molecules that might indicate systemic function. Thus, serum is the sample source that is most often profiled in the hopes of identifying sets of biomarkers for clinical use (Gilbert et al, 2004). In this study, proteomic analyses of serum samples from patients with lung cancer and controls have identified SAA as an elevated biomarker in lung cancer (as shown by SELDI analysis and confirmed by immunoassay). It is known that SAA is secreted during the acute phase of inflammation; the conservation of this protein throughout invertebrates and vertebrates suggests that SAA has an essential role in all animals including humans (Manley et al, 2006). There are several functions of SAA protein, describedin the context of inflammation, that are compatible with the mechanism of tumour invasion and metastasis. These properties place SAA as an extracellular matrix-associated adhesion protein with a potential role in tumour pathogenesis. The SAA mRNA expression in epithelial cells was gradually increased as they progressed through different stages of dysplasia to overt carcinoma (Gutfeld et al, 2006). Accumulating evidence has suggested that SAA might be used to detect a pattern of physiological events that reflect the growth of malignancy and host response. Elevated SAA may be a primary product of tumour lesions, but can also be the product of hepatocytes. Further investigation to determine whether cancer tissue-derived cytokines stimulate SAA synthesis in liver or epithelial cells will be interesting (Malle et al, 2009). Overexpression of SAA has been reported in nasopharyngeal, renal, gastric, hepatocellular, melanoma, breast, and endometrial cancers (Cho et al, 2004; Tolson et al, 2004; Chan et al, 2007; He et al, 2008; Findeisen et al, 2009; Pierce et al, 2009; Ramankulov et al, 2008; Cocco et al, 2009, 2010; Sasazuki et al, 2010; Vermaat et al, 2010). Our study not only detected increased SAA level in the serum of lung cancer patients but also identified that elevated SAA level may be a non-invasive biomarker, useful for the prediction of lung cancer prognosis. As far as we know, the association of SAA with the survival of lung cancer patients has never been reported. Moreover, a number of SELDI peaks were found to be significantly differentiated between the serum of cancer patients and controls, as well as between the poor prognosis patients and good prognosis patients. Further identification of these peaks is awaiting. Recently, the US Food and Drug Administration has approved an ovarian cancer triage test called OVA1, containing CA125 and four biomarkers (b2-microglobulin, transferrin, apolipoprotein A1, and transthyretin) identified by SELDI-TOF-MS (Fung, 2010). This marks an encouraging step of translating biomarker discovery from laboratory to clinic. It showed that having identified biomarkers by primary screening, a standard assay may then be developed and finally converted into clinically applicable measures. Our results reveal that the level of SAA is highly elevated in lung cancer and in the patients with poor prognosis, thus warranting further studies investigating this candidate biomarker as part of a multimarker test for the diagnosis and prognosis of lung cancer. 医学系論文の一部です。 わかるところだけでも翻訳いただけると助かります。

高校三年の息子が薬剤師になりたいと言っています。息子は大学に入って国家試験を取れば薬剤師になれる。。。。と簡単に考えているようですが。目標をもつ事は良いことですが、国家試験に合格するまで覚えなければならない事が山程あると思いますし、暗記が苦手な息子には本当に大丈夫だろうかとか。。。。余計な事ばかり考えてしまいます。ましてや薬なので科学、物理、生物などが主な勉強になるのかと思います。担任の先生の話では今の学力を維持すれば大学受験は何とかなると、言われたらしいです。第９9回の薬剤師国家試験でもかなりの難易度だったらしく５割を切った大学もあるみたいです。また、6年間で1300万円という高額の授業料も気になります。定年を目の前にして1300万円の高額の学費、仮に薬剤師に成れなかった事や色々な事考えてしまいます。現在、薬剤師の方薬剤師を目指している方でどんな事でも結構です。大変だった事等体験談を教えて下さい。宜しくお願い致しますm(__)m親としては運よく大学に入学したはいいけど国家試験に受からなかった場合の事など考えてしまいます。