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This was a noteworthy achievement and reflected well on the increasingly efficient staffwork of the British armies. A detachment from the Corps of two infantry battalions, a wireless unit and a casualty clearing station had been sent to the front near Ypres to bluff the Germans that the entire Corps was moving north to Flanders. The Canadian Corps was not fully in position until 7 August. To maintain secrecy, the Allied commanders pasted the notice "Keep Your Mouth Shut" into orders issued to the men, and referred to the action as a "raid" rather than an "offensive".[Although the Germans were still on the offensive in late July 1918, the Allied armies were growing in strength, as more American units arrived in France, and British reinforcements were transferred from the Home Army in Britain and the Sinai and Palestine Campaign. The German commanders realised in early August that their forces might be forced onto the defensive, though Amiens was not considered to be a likely front. The Germans believed the French would probably attack the Saint-Mihiel front east of Rheims, or in Flanders near Mount Kemmel, while they believed the British would attack along either the Lys or near Albert. The Allies had indeed mounted a number of local counter-offensives in these sectors, both to gain local objectives to improve their defensive positions and to distract attention from the Amiens sector. German forces began to withdraw from the Lys and other fronts in response to these theories. The Allies maintained equal artillery and air fire along their various fronts, moving troops only at night, and feigning movements during the day to mask their actual intent.
The German front east of Amiens was held by their Second Army under General Georg von der Marwitz, with six divisions in line (and two facing the French 1st Army). There were only two divisions in immediate reserve. There was some concern among the Allies on 6 August when the German 27th Division actually attacked north of the Somme on part of the front on which the Allies planned to attack two days later. The German division (a specially selected and trained Stosstruppen formation) penetrated roughly 800 yards (730 m) into the one-and-a-half mile front.. This attack was made in retaliation for a trench raid by the 5th Australian Division north of the Somme on the night of 31 July, which had gained many prisoners, before the Australian Corps was concentrated south of the river.

回答No.1

Nakay702 · ベストアンサー

＞This was a noteworthy achievement and reflected well on the increasingly efficient staffwork of the British armies. A detachment from the Corps of two infantry battalions, a wireless unit and a casualty clearing station had been sent to the front near Ypres to bluff the Germans that the entire Corps was moving north to Flanders. The Canadian Corps was not fully in position until 7 August. To maintain secrecy, the Allied commanders pasted the notice "Keep Your Mouth Shut" into orders issued to the men, and referred to the action as a "raid" rather than an "offensive".
⇒これ（連合国軍の作戦）は注目すべき業績であり、英国方面軍のますます効率的な将校らの成果によく反映された。軍団全体をフランドル北へ移動しつつあったドイツ軍に脅しをかけるために、歩兵2個大隊、無線部隊、犠牲者救済所の派遣隊が本軍団からイープル近傍の前線に送られた。カナダ軍団は、8月7日まで陣地での十分な駐在ができていなかった。秘密を維持するため、連合国軍の指揮官らは、兵士らに向けて発布される命令書に「口を閉じ続けよ」という告知を貼り付け、戦闘に関しては「攻勢」でなく「襲撃」と呼んだ。

＞Although the Germans were still on the offensive in late July 1918, the Allied armies were growing in strength, as more American units arrived in France, and British reinforcements were transferred from the Home Army in Britain and the Sinai and Palestine Campaign. The German commanders realised in early August that their forces might be forced onto the defensive, though Amiens was not considered to be a likely front.
⇒1918年7月下旬、ドイツ軍は依然攻勢を続けていたけれども、連合国軍もその軍勢を加増しつつあった。それというのも、より多くの米国軍部隊がフランスに到着し、英国軍の強化部隊が英国内方面軍や「シナイ・パレスチナ野戦」から移管されたためであった。ドイツ軍の司令官は、8月初旬に、自軍の軍団は守備陣内に押し込まれるかも知れないことを認識したが、アミアン戦線（だけ）はそれらしき前線とはみなさなかった。

＞The Germans believed the French would probably attack the Saint-Mihiel front east of Rheims, or in Flanders near Mount Kemmel, while they believed the British would attack along either the Lys or near Albert. The Allies had indeed mounted a number of local counter-offensives in these sectors, both to gain local objectives to improve their defensive positions and to distract attention from the Amiens sector. German forces began to withdraw from the Lys and other fronts in response to these theories. The Allies maintained equal artillery and air fire along their various fronts, moving troops only at night, and feigning movements during the day to mask their actual intent.
⇒おそらく、フランス軍はランスの前線東にあるサン=ミヒェルを攻撃するか、ケメル山の近くのフランドルで攻撃するだろう、とドイツ軍は信じていた。一方、英国軍については、リィスかアルバート近傍を攻撃するだろう、と信じていた。実際、連合国軍は局地の標的を獲得して防衛陣地を改善するために、また、アミアン地区から彼らの注意をそらすために、これらの地区で多くの局地的反撃を行っていた。ドイツ軍はこれらの理論に対応してリィスや他の戦線から撤退し始めた。連合国軍は、さまざまな前線で同等の砲撃と空爆を維持し、夜間のみに軍隊を移動させ、日中間は実際の意図を隠す動きをしていた。

＞The German front east of Amiens was held by their Second Army under General Georg von der Marwitz, with six divisions in line (and two facing the French 1st Army). There were only two divisions in immediate reserve. There was some concern among the Allies on 6 August when the German 27th Division actually attacked north of the Somme on part of the front on which the Allies planned to attack two days later. The German division (a specially selected and trained Stosstruppen formation) penetrated roughly 800 yards (730 m) into the one-and-a-half mile front.. This attack was made in retaliation for a trench raid by the 5th Australian Division north of the Somme on the night of 31 July, which had gained many prisoners, before the Australian Corps was concentrated south of the river.
⇒アミアン東のドイツ軍前線は、ゲオルク・フォン・デル・マルヴィッツ将軍麾下の第2方面軍の戦線付きの6個師団によって保持されていた（そして、そのうち2個師団はフランス第1方面軍に直面していた）。即時の（出撃できる）予備軍には2個師団しかなかった。8月6日、ドイツ軍第27師団は、事実上、連合国軍が2日後に攻撃を予定していた前線の一部であるソンムの北部を攻撃した。ドイツ軍師団（特別に選ばれて訓練された突撃班編隊）は、1.5マイルの前線内におよそ800ヤード（730m）分突入した。この攻撃は、ソンム北のオーストラリア軍第5師団による7月31日夜の塹壕襲撃への報復として行われ、オーストラリア軍団が川の南に集結する前に多くの捕虜を獲得した。

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